Which of elements \(1-36\) have one unpaired electron in the ground state?

Electron configuration is the arrangement of electrons in atomic orbitals in the most stable configuration for an atom. Electrons fill the orbitals in the order of increasing energy levels, following the Aufbau principle. The order in which orbitals are filled is given by: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p and so on. For this exercise, we will only need configurations up to element 36, so we will only consider the orbitals up to 4p.

We need to go through the elements 1 to 36 and find the ones with one unpaired electron in the ground state. Unpaired electrons are those that do not have a partner with opposite spin in the same orbital. Here are the electron configurations for the relevant elements: 1. 1s^1 (Hydrogen) 2. 1s^2 (Helium) 3. 1s^2 2s^1 (Lithium) 4. 1s^2 2s^2 (Beryllium) 5. 1s^2 2s^2 2p^1 (Boron) 6. 1s^2 2s^2 2p^2 (Carbon) 7. 1s^2 2s^2 2p^3 (Nitrogen) 8. 1s^2 2s^2 2p^4 (Oxygen) 9. 1s^2 2s^2 2p^5 (Fluorine) 10. 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 (Neon) 11. 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^1 (Sodium) 12. 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 (Magnesium) 13. 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^1 (Aluminum) 14. 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^2 (Silicon) 15. 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^3 (Phosphorus) 16. 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^4 (Sulfur) 17. 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^5 (Chlorine) 18. 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 (Argon) 19. 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^1 (Potassium) 20. 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 (Calcium) 21 to 30. 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^1 to 3d^10 (Scandium to Zinc) 31. 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^1 (Gallium) 32. 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^2 (Germanium) 33. 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^3 (Arsenic) 34. 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^4 (Selenium) 35. 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^5 (Bromine) 36. 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 (Krypton) From the above electron configurations, the elements with one unpaired electron in the ground state are: Hydrogen (1s^1), Lithium (2s^1), Boron (2p^1), Sodium (3s^1), Aluminum (3p^1), Potassium (4s^1), and Gallium (4p^1).

The elements from 1 to 36 with one unpaired electron in the ground state are: 1. Hydrogen 2. Lithium 3. Boron 4. Sodium 5. Aluminum 6. Potassium 7. Gallium