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Chapter 7: Problem 118

For each of the following pairs of elements \(\begin{array}{ll}(\mathrm{Mg} \text { and } \mathrm{K}) & (\mathrm{F} \text { and } \mathrm{Cl})\end{array}\) pick the atom with a. more favorable (exothermic) electron affinity. b. higher ionization energy. c. larger size.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The short answer for the given question is: a. More favorable (exothermic) electron affinity: \(Mg\) and \(F\). b. Higher ionization energy: \(Mg\) and \(F\). c. Larger size: \(K\) and \(Cl\).

Step by step solution

01

Electron Affinity

Both Mg and K belong to the same group 2 (alkaline earth metals) and group 1 (alkali metals) respectively, meaning that their electron affinity follows the periodic table trend. As we move from left to right on the periodic table, electron affinity generally increases. Therefore, Mg has a more favorable (exothermic) electron affinity than K.
02

Ionization Energy

Ionization energy also follows the periodic table trend, meaning that it generally increases from left to right and decreases from top to bottom. Since Mg is to the right of K, Mg has a higher ionization energy.
03

Size

The atomic size generally decreases from left to right and increases from top to bottom. Because K is below Mg, K has a larger size than Mg. #Step 2: Compare F and Cl#
04

Electron Affinity

Both F and Cl are part of the group 17 (halogens), meaning that their electron affinity follows the periodic table trend. As we move down a group, the electron affinity generally decreases. Therefore, F has a more favorable (exothermic) electron affinity than Cl.
05

Ionization Energy

Ionization energy generally increases as we move from left to right and decreases as we move down within a group. Since F is above Cl, F has a higher ionization energy.
06

Size

The atomic size generally decreases as we move from left to right and increases as we move down a group. Since Cl is below F, Cl has a larger size than F. So, the final answers are: a. more favorable (exothermic) electron affinity: Mg and F. b. higher ionization energy: Mg and F. c. larger size: K and Cl.

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