Two different compounds have the formula \(\mathrm{XeF}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2} .\) Write Lewis structures for these two compounds, and describe how measurement of dipole moments might be used to distinguish between them.

Short Answer

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The two different compounds with the formula XeF2Cl2 have the following Lewis structures: 1. First isomer: ``` F Cl \ / Xe / \ F Cl ``` 2. Second isomer: ``` Cl F \ / Xe / \ Cl F ``` Both structures have distorted tetrahedral geometry. The first isomer has a smaller net dipole moment due to the partial cancellation of the Xe-F bond dipoles, while the second isomer has a larger net dipole moment. By measuring the dipole moments, we can distinguish between these two compounds: the compound with a smaller dipole moment would be the first isomer and the one with a larger dipole moment would be the second isomer.

Step by step solution

01

Determine the valence electrons

In order to draw the Lewis structure for each compound, we first need to determine the valence electrons. For Xenon (Xe), there are 8 valence electrons; for Fluorine (F), there are 7 valence electrons; and for Chlorine (Cl), there are also 7 valence electrons.
02

Draw the first possible Lewis structure

The Lewis structure of the first isomer can be obtained as follows: 1. Place Xe in the center as it is the least electronegative. 2. Place the four atoms F, F, Cl, Cl around Xe with the least electronegative atoms (Fluorine) either opposite or adjacent to each other. 3. Link each atom to the central atom (Xe) using single bonds, using two valence electrons (one from Xe and one from each of the F and Cl atoms). 4. Fill the remaining valence electrons around each atom to satisfy the octet rule. The first possible Lewis structure is: ``` F Cl \ / Xe / \ F Cl ```
03

Draw the second possible Lewis structure

The Lewis structure of the second isomer can be obtained by switching the positions of fluorine and chlorine atoms: ``` Cl F \ / Xe / \ Cl F ```
04

Determine the molecular geometry and polarity

In both Lewis structures, the central atom (Xe) has a tetrahedral arrangement with four single bonds (the Xe-F and Xe-Cl bond pairs). In both structures, the molecular geometry is distorted tetrahedral. The bond dipoles of Xe-F and Xe-Cl are not equal due to the different electronegativities of F and Cl. In the first structure, XeF2Cl2, the two Xe-F bond dipoles partially cancel the effect of each other as they are opposite to each other, but the overall molecule still has a net dipole moment due to the remaining Xe-Cl bond dipoles. In the second structure, XeF2Cl2, all bond dipoles contribute to the molecular dipole, resulting in a molecule with a larger net dipole moment.
05

Compare dipole moments to distinguish the compounds

From step 4, we know that the molecular dipole moments of the two isomers are different. A measurement of their dipole moments would reveal this difference and allow us to distinguish between the two compounds. A compound with a larger dipole moment would be identified as the second isomer, while the one with the smaller dipole moment would be the first isomer.

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