Some plant fertilizer compounds are \(\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}, \mathrm{Ca}_{3}\left(\mathrm{PO}_{4}\right)_{2}\), \(\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{O}, \mathrm{P}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}\), and \(\mathrm{KCl}\). Which of these compounds contain both ionic and covalent bonds?

In order to identify ionic and covalent bonds in the given compounds, we first need to determine the type of elements present in each compound. Generally, elements on the left side of the periodic table are metals, and elements on the right side are nonmetals. For example, in the compound NH₄₂SO₄, we have the following elements: - N (nonmetal) - H (nonmetal) - S (nonmetal) - O (nonmetal)

Based on the type of elements present, we will identify whether the bond between them is ionic or covalent. Remember, ionic bonds form between a metal and a nonmetal while covalent bonds form between two nonmetals. 1. \((NH_4)_2SO_4\): The ammonium ion, \(NH_4^+\), forms a covalent bond between nitrogen and hydrogen atoms because both are nonmetals. The sulfate ion, \(SO_4^{2-}\), also has covalent bonds between sulfur and oxygen atoms as both are nonmetals. The overall ionic bond is formed by the attraction between \(NH_4^+\) (cation) and \(SO_4^{2-}\) (anion). So, this compound has both ionic and covalent bonds. 2. \(Ca_3(PO_4)_2\): Calcium (metal) forms an ionic bond with the phosphate ion, \(PO_4^{3-}\). Inside the phosphate ion, there are covalent bonds between phosphorus and oxygen atoms as these are both nonmetals. Thus, this compound contains both ionic and covalent bonds. 3. \(K_2O\): In this compound, potassium (metal) forms an ionic bond with oxygen (nonmetal). There are no covalent bonds. 4. \(P_2O_5\): Phosphorus and oxygen are both nonmetals. Therefore, they form covalent bonds. There are no ionic bonds. 5. \(KCl\): In this compound, potassium (metal) forms an ionic bond with chlorine (nonmetal). There are no covalent bonds.

Based on the analysis, the compounds that contain both ionic and covalent bonds are: - \((NH_4)_2SO_4\) - \(Ca_3(PO_4)_2\) These two compounds have both ionic and covalent bonds present.