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Chapter 2: Problem 14

Find the symbol for chlorine on the periodic table. a) How does the number given just below the symbol for chlorine (rounded to \(0.01\) ) compare with the average mass (amu) of one chlorine atom? b) How does the number given just below the symbol for chlorine (rounded to 0.01) compare with the mass (grams) of \(6.022 \times 10^{23}\) chlorine atoms?

Short Answer

Expert verified
a) The number given below the symbol for chlorine on the periodic table is the same as the average mass of one chlorine atom when both are rounded to 0.01. They are both 35.45. b) The number given below the symbol for chlorine on the periodic table is the same as the mass of \(6.022 \times 10^{23}\) chlorine atoms when rounded to 0.01. They both are 35.45, but the latter is in grams.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Atomic Mass

Atomic mass is the weight of one atom of an element, which is usually located just below the symbol of an element on the periodic table. It's often close to the mass number of the element. For chlorine, you will find the rounded atomic mass to be 35.45 amu (atomic mass units). This number indicates the average mass of all isotopes of chlorine, factoring in their relative natural abundances.
02

Comparison with Average Mass of a Chlorine Atom

The number displayed below the chlorine symbol on the periodic table is the atomic mass. So in part a), essentially we are asked to compare the atomic mass with itself. Therefore, they are the same, given the atomic mass is the average mass of one chlorine atom.
03

Understanding Avogadro's Number and Molar mass

Avogadro's number (\(6.022 \times 10^{23}\)) is the number of atoms present in one mole of an element. Its unit is atoms/mole. The molar mass of an element is the mass of one mole of the element, which is equal to the atomic mass but expressed in grams per mole (g/mol). For chlorine, this number is also 35.45 but the unit is g/mol.
04

Calculate Mass of Avogadro's Number of Chlorine Atoms

In part b), we are asked to compare the atomic mass with the mass of \(6.022 \times 10^{23}\) chlorine atoms, which is essentially one mole of chlorine atoms. Therefore, the mass in grams of \(6.022 \times 10^{23}\) chlorine atoms is 35.45 g, which is the mass of one mole of chlorine. This is equal to the atomic mass, albeit with a different unit.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

a) How many elephants are there in a dozen elephants? b) Which has more animals-a dozen elephants or a dozen chickens? c) How many elephants are there in a mole of elephants? d) Which has more animals-a mole of elephants or a mole of chickens? e) Which has more atoms - a dozen \(\mathrm{H}\) atoms or a dozen Ar atoms? f) Which has more atoms-a mole of hydrogen atoms or a mole of argon atoms?

What is the mass (in amu) of a) \(100^{12} \mathrm{C}\) atoms? b) \(100^{13} \mathrm{C}\) atoms?

Give two interpretations of the number "12.011" found below the symbol for carbon on the periodic table.

What fraction or percentage of carbon atoms has a mass of \(12.011\) amu?

Examine the periodic table and find the symbol for magnesium. a) How does the number given just below the symbol for magnesium (rounded to \(0.01\) compare with the average mass (amu) of one magnesium atom? b) How does the number given just below the symbol for magnesium (rounded to \(0.01\) ) compare with the mass (grams) of \(6.022 \times 10^{23}\) magnesium atoms?
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