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Chapter 3: Problem 13

Consider a hydrogen atom and a helium ion, \(\mathrm{He}^{+}\). Which of these do you expect to have the larger ionization energy? Explain your reasoning, including any assumptions you make.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The ionization energy of helium ion (\(\mathrm{He}^{+}\)) is larger due to its greater nuclear charge.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the structure of Hydrogen and Helium ion

Hydrogen atom has 1 electron in its outer shell, encircling a nucleus with 1 proton. On the other hand, the helium ion \(\mathrm{He}^{+}\) also has only 1 electron, but around a nucleus with 2 protons.
02

Consider the effective nuclear charge

Nuclear charge is the charge of the nucleus, determined by the number of protons. In this case, Hydrogen has a nuclear charge of +1, while the helium ion (\(\mathrm{He}^{+}\)), containing 2 protons, has a nuclear charge of +2.
03

Relate the effective nuclear charge to ionization energy

The larger the nuclear charge, the more strongly the outer electrons are attracted to the nucleus and hence, greater energy is required for their removal. Given helium ion (\(\mathrm{He}^{+}\)) has a larger nuclear charge than hydrogen, it is expected to have a larger ionization energy.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Recall that a \({ }^{1} \mathrm{H}\) atom consists of a proton as the nucleus and an electron outside of the nucleus. Is the potential energy, \(V\), of a hydrogen atom a positive or negative number? Explain your answer.

If \(q\) for an electron is \(-1\), a) what is \(q\) for a proton? b) what is \(q\) for a neutron? c) what is \(q\) for the nucleus of a \(C\) atom?

Which of the following systems will have the larger ionization energy? Explain your reasoning. a) an electron at a distance of \(500 \mathrm{pm}\) from a nucleus with charge \(+2\) b) an electron at a distance of 700 pm from a nucleus with charge \(+2\)

If \(d\) is finite, and the particles have the same charge (that is, \(q_{1}=q_{2}\) ), is \(V>0\) or is \(V<0 ?\) Explain your answer.

Which of the following systems will have the larger ionization energy? Explain your reasoning. a) an electron at a distance \(d_{1}\) from a nucleus with charge \(+2\) b) an electron at a distance \(d_{1}\) from a nucleus with charge \(+1\)
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