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Chapter 1: Problem 6

of protons } & \text { # of neutrons } & \text { # of … # a) Complete the following table using information from the Model. $$ \begin{array}{|c|l|l|l|l|} \hline & \text { # of protons } & \text { # of neutrons } & \text { # of electrons } & \text { charge } \\ \hline{ }^{1} \mathrm{H} & & & & \\ \hline{ }^{2} \mathrm{H} & & & & \\ \hline{ }^{1} \mathrm{H}^{-} & & & & \\ \hline \end{array} $$ b) Based on the model and the answers to part a above, what do all hydrogen atoms (and ions) have in common? Explain your reasoning.

Short Answer

Expert verified
For a) In Protium (^1H), the number of protons = 1, neutrons = 0, electrons = 1, charge = 0. In Deuterium (^2H), the number of protons = 1, neutrons = 1, electrons = 1, charge = 0. In Hydride Ion (^1H^-), the number of protons = 1, neutrons = 0, electrons = 2, charge = -1. For b) All Hydrogen atoms (and ions) have one proton in common irrespective of their types.

Step by step solution

01

Identifying Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons in Protium (^1H)

For ^1H, the atomic number is 1 (from the bottom left of the atomic symbol), this implies it has 1 proton. It doesn’t have any neutron because it's just Hydrogen having one proton and one electron. Its charge is neutral hence the number of electrons will also be 1.
02

Identifying Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons in Deuterium (^2H)

For ^2H, again the atomic number is 1 (bottom left of the atomic symbol), so it has 1 proton. However, its atomic mass is 2 (top left number), this accounts for both protons and neutrons; hence it has 1 neutron. Considering it as a neutral atom, the number of electrons also will be 1.
03

Identifying Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons in Hydride Ion (^1H^-)

In ^1H^-, the atomic number is 1 (bottom left of the atomic symbol), indicating it has 1 proton. There is no neutron in this ion. Since it carries a negative charge (-1), it means it has one more electron than the proton, hence it has 2 electrons.
04

Answering the part b

From the above steps, it can be observed that all varieties of Hydrogen (whether it's Protium, Deuterium, or Hydride ion) have one proton in common. This is simply the basic definition of Hydrogen; all its isotopes or ions will have one proton.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in one \({ }^{1} \mathrm{H}^{+}\) ion. Describe the thinking used to determine each value.

In terms of the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons: a) Why does the notation \({ }^{13} \mathrm{C}^{-}\) have a negative sign in the upper right hand corner? b) What feature distinguishes a neutral atom from an ion? c) Provide an expression for calculating the charge on an ion.
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