Chapter 3

Assuming that \(q_{1}\) and \(q_{2}\) remain constant, what happens to the magnitude of \(\bar{V}\) if the separation, \(d\), is increased?

If \(d\) is finite, and the particles have the same charge (that is, \(q_{1}=q_{2}\) ), is \(V>0\) or is \(V<0 ?\) Explain your answer.

If \(q\) for an electron is \(-1\), a) what is \(q\) for a proton? b) what is \(q\) for a neutron? c) what is \(q\) for the nucleus of a \(C\) atom?

Recall that a \({ }^{1} \mathrm{H}\) atom consists of a proton as the nucleus and an electron outside of the nucleus. Is the potential energy, \(V\), of a hydrogen atom a positive or negative number? Explain your answer.

A student determines the ionization energy of another hypothetical atom and gets \(5.13 \times 10^{-17} \mathrm{~J}\). If this hypothetical atom were added to Table 1 , which of the following values would be entered in the IE column? i) \(\quad-5.13\) ii) \(\quad 5.13\) iii) \(51.3\) iv) \(\quad 0.513\)

Which of the following systems will have the larger ionization energy? Explain your reasoning. i) an electron at a distance of \(500 \mathrm{pm}\) from a nucleus with charge \(+2\) ii) an electron at a distance of \(700 \mathrm{pm}\) from a nucleus with charge \(+2\)

Which of the following systems will have the larger ionization energy? Explain your reasoning. i) an electron at a distance \(d_{1}\) from a nucleus with charge \(+2\) ii) an electron at a distance \(d_{1}\) from a nucleus with charge \(+1\)

Consider a hydrogen atom and a helium ion, \(\mathrm{He}^{+}\). Which of these do you expect to have the larger ionization energy? Explain your reasoning, including any assumptions you make.