Log out Go to App
Go to App

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 5: Problem 3

a) Why is the nuclear charge of \(\mathrm{Be}^{\prime \prime}+4^{\prime \prime}\) ? b) How many inner-shell electrons does Be have? c) How many valence electrons does Be have? d) Show how the core charge for Be was calculated. e) Based on your answers to CTQs \(1,3 \mathrm{c}\), and \(3 \mathrm{~d}\), what is the relationship between the number of valence electrons and the core charge of a neutral atom?

Short Answer

Expert verified
a) The nuclear charge of \(Be^{++}\) is +4, directly determined by its proton number. b) Be has 2 inner-shell electrons. c) Be also has 2 valence electrons. d) The core charge for Be is calculated as +2 (nuclear charge - inner shell electrons). e) For a neutral atom, the core charge equals the number of its valence electrons.

Step by step solution

01

Identify Nuclear Charge

The nuclear charge of \(Be^{++}\) is +4. This comes directly from the number of protons in the atomic nucleus, which for Beryllium is 4.
02

Determine Number of Inner-shell Electrons

Beryllium (Be) has an atomic number of 4, which means it contains 4 electrons in a neutral atom. Beryllium's electron configuration is \(1s^2 2s^2\). The inner shell (K shell) of Be has 2 electrons, so Be has 2 inner-shell electrons.
03

Determine Number of Valence Electrons

The number of valence electrons is determined by the number of electrons present in the outermost electron shell, also known as valence shell. In the case of Beryllium, the valence shell is the 2nd shell, which contains 2 electrons, thus Be has 2 valence electrons.
04

Calculate Core Charge

Core charge can be calculated by the following equation: Core Charge = Nuclear charge - inner shell electrons = 4 protons - 2 inner-shell electrons = +2.
05

Determine the Relationship

Analysing the answers from above, for a neutral atom like Beryllium, the core charge (+2) is equal to the number of valence electrons (2). Therefore, the relationship for a neutral atom is: its core charge equals the number of its valence electrons.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Start your free trial

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

How does the core charge on a neutral atom change in moving from left to right across a row (period) of the periodic table?

How many electrons does Na have in shell: a) \(\quad n=1\) ? b) \(n=2\) ? c) \(\quad n=3\) ?

Assuming that the valence shells of \(\mathrm{Li}\) and \(\mathrm{Be}\) are at approximately the same distance from their nuclei, explain how the core charges of \(\mathrm{Li}\) and \(\mathrm{Be}\) are consistent with the \(\mathrm{IE}_{1}\) values for \(\mathrm{Li}(0.52 \mathrm{MJ} / \mathrm{mole})\) and \(\mathrm{Be}(0.90 \mathrm{MJ} / \mathrm{mole})\).

How does the core charge for Na compare to the core charge for \(\mathrm{Li} ?\)

Within our model and referring to the Coulombic Potential Energy expression, explain why the \(\mathrm{IE}_{1}\) increases from left to right across a row of the periodic table.
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Ionic and Molecular Compounds

Read Explanation

Chemistry Branches

Read Explanation

The Earths Atmosphere

Read Explanation

Chemical Analysis

Read Explanation

Inorganic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Kinetics

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.

Sign-up for free