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Chapter 1: Problem 63

Which of the following is(are) correct? a. \(^{40} \mathrm{Ca}^{2+}\) contains 20 protons and 18 electrons. b. Rutherford created the cathode-ray tube and was the founder of the charge- to-mass ratio of an electron. c. An electron is heavier than a proton. d. The nucleus contains protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The correct statement is a. \(^{40} \mathrm{Ca}^{2+}\) contains 20 protons and 18 electrons.

Step by step solution

01

Statement a: \(^{40} \mathrm{Ca}^{2+}\) contains 20 protons and 18 electrons.

The superscript 40 in \(^{40} \mathrm{Ca}\) represents the mass number, which is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. Calcium (Ca) has an atomic number of 20, which means it has 20 protons. An ion with a charge of +2 indicates that the atom lost 2 electrons. Therefore, the ion has 20 - 2 = 18 electrons. So, statement a is correct.
02

Statement b: Rutherford created the cathode-ray tube and was the founder of the charge-to-mass ratio of an electron.

The cathode-ray tube was not invented by Rutherford; it was invented by Sir William Crookes. Furthermore, the discovery of the charge-to-mass ratio of an electron is credited to J.J. Thomson using cathode-ray tubes. Thus, statement b is incorrect.
03

Statement c: An electron is heavier than a proton.

The mass of an electron is approximately 9.11 x 10^-31 kg, while the mass of a proton is approximately 1.67 x 10^-27 kg. Therefore, an electron is much lighter than a proton, not heavier. Statement c is incorrect.
04

Statement d: The nucleus contains protons, neutrons, and electrons.

The nucleus of an atom only contains protons and neutrons. Electrons, on the other hand, orbit around the nucleus at various energy levels. Statement d is incorrect. Based on our analysis, the correct statement is: a. \(^{40} \mathrm{Ca}^{2+}\) contains 20 protons and 18 electrons.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A sample of chloroform is found to contain \(12.0 \mathrm{g}\) of carbon, \(106.4 \mathrm{g}\) of chlorine, and \(1.01 \mathrm{g}\) of hydrogen. If a second sample of chloroform is found to contain \(30.0 \mathrm{g}\) of carbon, what is the total mass of chloroform in the second sample?

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