Draw a rough sketch of the energy profile for each of the following cases: a. \(\Delta E=+10 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}, E_{\mathrm{a}}=25 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\) b. \(\Delta E=-10 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}, E_{\mathrm{a}}=50 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\) c. \(\Delta E=-50 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}, E_{\mathrm{a}}=50 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
For each case, draw the energy profile using a graph with the x-axis representing the progress of the reaction and the y-axis representing the energy. Identify the initial and final energy levels based on the given \(\Delta E\), and mark the transition state energy level by adding the activation energy, \(E_\text{a}\), to the initial energy level. Then, sketch curves connecting these points: a. Initial energy level below final energy level, transition state at \(25 \mathrm{kJ/mol}\) above the initial level. b. Initial energy level above final energy level, transition state at \(50 \mathrm{kJ/mol}\) above the initial level. c. Initial energy level above final energy level, transition state at \(50 \mathrm{kJ/mol}\) above the initial level.

Step by step solution

01

Set up the axes

Set up a graph with the x-axis representing the progress of the reaction and the y-axis representing the energy.
02

Identify initial and final energy levels

Since the change in energy, \(\Delta E\), is positive, we know that the final energy level will be higher than the initial energy level. Mark these levels on the y-axis.
03

Identify the activation energy

The activation energy, \(E_\text{a}\), is given as \(25 \mathrm{kJ/mol}\). Calculate the energy level of the transition state by adding the activation energy to the initial energy level. Mark this level on the y-axis.
04

Sketch the energy profile

Draw a curve from the initial energy level to the transition state energy level, and then another curve from the transition state energy level to the final energy level. Case b: \(\Delta E = -10 \mathrm{kJ/mol}, E_{\text{a}} = 50 \mathrm{kJ/mol}\)
05

Identify initial and final energy levels

Since the change in energy, \(\Delta E\), is negative, we know that the final energy level will be lower than the initial energy level. Mark these levels on the y-axis.
06

Identify the activation energy

The activation energy, \(E_\text{a}\), is given as \(50 \mathrm{kJ/mol}\). Calculate the energy level of the transition state by adding the activation energy to the initial energy level. Mark this level on the y-axis.
07

Sketch the energy profile

Draw a curve from the initial energy level to the transition state energy level, and then another curve from the transition state energy level to the final energy level. Case c: \(\Delta E = -50 \mathrm{kJ/mol}, E_{\text{a}} = 50 \mathrm{kJ/mol}\)
08

Identify initial and final energy levels

Since the change in energy, \(\Delta E\), is negative, we know that the final energy level will be lower than the initial energy level. Mark these levels on the y-axis.
09

Identify the activation energy

The activation energy, \(E_\text{a}\), is given as \(50 \mathrm{kJ/mol}\). Calculate the energy level of the transition state by adding the activation energy to the initial energy level. Mark this level on the y-axis.
10

Sketch the energy profile

Draw a curve from the initial energy level to the transition state energy level, and then another curve from the transition state energy level to the final energy level. After following these steps for each case, you will have a rough sketch of the energy profile for each situation.

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Make a graph of \([\mathrm{A}]\) versus time for zero-, first-, and second-order reactions. From these graphs, compare successive half-lives.

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