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Chapter 11: Problem 76

One of the concerns about the use of Freons is that they will migrate to the upper atmosphere, where chlorine atoms can be generated by the following reaction: $$\mathrm{CCl}_{2} \mathrm{F}_{2}(g) \stackrel{h v}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{CF}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}(g)+\mathrm{Cl}(g)$$ Chlorine atoms can act as a catalyst for the destruction of ozone. The activation energy for the reaction $$\mathrm{Cl}(g)+\mathrm{O}_{3}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{ClO}(g)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g)$$is \(2.1 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol} .\) Which is the more effective catalyst for the destruction of ozone, Cl or NO? (See Exercise 75.)

Short Answer

Expert verified
Comparing the activation energies of the two reactions, it is observed that the reaction involving NO as a catalyst has a lower activation energy (\(1.7 \mathrm{kJ/mol}\)) than the reaction involving Cl as a catalyst (\(2.1 \mathrm{kJ/mol}\)). As a result, the more effective catalyst for the destruction of ozone is NO.

Step by step solution

01

Conclusion

Comparing the activation energies of the two reactions, it is observed that the reaction involving NO as a catalyst has a lower activation energy (\(1.7 \mathrm{kJ/mol}\)) than the reaction involving Cl as a catalyst (\(2.1 \mathrm{kJ/mol}\)). As a result, the more effective catalyst for the destruction of ozone is NO.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

For the reaction \(\mathrm{A} \rightarrow\) products, successive half-lives are observed to be \(10.0,20.0,\) and 40.0 min for an experiment in which \([\mathrm{A}]_{0}=0.10 \mathrm{M} .\) Calculate the concentration of \(\mathrm{A}\) at the following times. a. \(80.0 \mathrm{min}\) b. \(30.0 \mathrm{min}\)

Experiments during a recent summer on a number of fireflies (small beetles, Lampyridaes photinus) showed that the average interval between flashes of individual insects was \(16.3 \mathrm{s}\) at \(21.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(13.0 \mathrm{s}\) at \(27.8^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). a. What is the apparent activation energy of the reaction that controls the flashing? b. What would be the average interval between flashes of an individual firefly at \(30.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ?\) c. Compare the observed intervals and the one you calculated in part b to the rule of thumb that the Celsius temperature is 54 minus twice the interval between flashes.

The decomposition of ethanol \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}\right)\) on an alumina \(\left(\mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\right)\) surface$$\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4}(g)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g)$$was studied at 600 K. Concentration versus time data were collected for this reaction, and a plot of \([\mathrm{A}]\) versus time resulted in a straight line with a slope of \(-4.00 \times 10^{-5} \mathrm{mol} / \mathrm{L} \cdot \mathrm{s}\) a. Determine the rate law, the integrated rate law, and the value of the rate constant for this reaction. b. If the initial concentration of \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}\) was \(1.25 \times 10^{-2}\) \(M,\) calculate the half-life for this reaction. c. How much time is required for all the \(1.25 \times 10^{-2} M\) \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}\) to decompose?

Define what is meant by unimolecular and bimolecular steps. Why are termolecular steps infrequently seen in chemical reactions?

A popular chemical demonstration is the "magic genie" procedure, in which hydrogen peroxide decomposes to water and oxygen gas with the aid of a catalyst. The activation energy of this (uncatalyzed) reaction is \(70.0 \space\mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\). When the catalyst is added, the activation energy (at \(20 .^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) ) is \(42.0 \space\mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol} .\) Theoretically, to what temperature \(\left(^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right)\) would one have to heat the hydrogen peroxide solution so that the rate of the uncatalyzed reaction is equal to the rate of the catalyzed reaction at \(20 .^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ?\) Assume the frequency factor \(A\) is constant, and assume the initial concentrations are the same.
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