Write equations for the stepwise formation of each of the following complex ions. a. \(\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CN})_{4}^{2-}\) b. \(\mathrm{V}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{4}\right)_{3}^{3-}\)

In both complex ions, we can identify the central metal ion and the ligands as follows: a. \(\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CN})_{4}^{2-}\): The central metal ion is \(\mathrm{Ni}^{2+}\) and the ligand is \(\mathrm{CN}^{-}\). b. \(\mathrm{V}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{4}\right)_{3}^{3-}\): The central metal ion is \(\mathrm{V}^{3+}\) and the ligand is \(\mathrm{C}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{4}^{2-}\). ##Step 2: Determine the number of ligands coordinating the central metal ion##

Count the number of ligands that coordinate the central metal ions in the given complex ions: a. In \(\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CN})_{4}^{2-}\), there are 4 ligands \(\mathrm{CN}^-\) coordinating the \(\mathrm{Ni}^{2+}\) ion. b. In \(\mathrm{V}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{4}\right)_{3}^{3-}\), there are 3 ligands \(\mathrm{C}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{4}^{2-}\) coordinating the \(\mathrm{V}^{3+}\) ion. ##Step 3: Write the equations for the stepwise formation of the complex ions##

Write the equations showing the step-by-step binding of the ligands to the central metal ions: a. Formation of \(\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CN})_{4}^{2-}\): 1. \(\mathrm{Ni}^{2+} + \mathrm{CN}^- \rightarrow \mathrm{NiCN}^{+}\) 2. \(\mathrm{NiCN}^{+} + \mathrm{CN}^- \rightarrow \mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CN})_{2} \) 3. \(\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CN})_{2} + \mathrm{CN}^- \rightarrow \mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CN})_{3}^{-}\) 4. \(\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CN})_{3}^{-} + \mathrm{CN}^- \rightarrow \mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CN})_{4}^{2-}\) b. Formation of \(\mathrm{V}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{4}\right)_{3}^{3-}\): 1. \(\mathrm{V}^{3+} + \mathrm{C}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{4}^{2-} \rightarrow \mathrm{V}(\mathrm{C}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{4})^{+}\) 2. \(\mathrm{V}(\mathrm{C}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{4})^{+} + \mathrm{C}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{4}^{2-} \rightarrow \mathrm{V}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{4}\right)_{2}^{-}\) 3. \(\mathrm{V}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{4}\right)_{2}^{-} + \mathrm{C}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{4}^{2-} \rightarrow \mathrm{V}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{4}\right)_{3}^{3-}\)