Chapter 18: Problem 52
When using a Geiger-Müller counter to measure radioactivity, it is necessary to maintain the same geometrical orientation between the sample and the Geiger-Müller tube to compare different measurements. Why?
Chapter 18: Problem 52
When using a Geiger-Müller counter to measure radioactivity, it is necessary to maintain the same geometrical orientation between the sample and the Geiger-Müller tube to compare different measurements. Why?
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Get started for freeWhich do you think would be the greater health hazard: the release of a radioactive nuclide of Sr or a radioactive nuclide of Xe into the environment? Assume the amount of radioactivity is the same in each case. Explain your answer on the basis of the chemical properties of \(\mathrm{Sr}\) and Xe. Why are the chemical properties of a radioactive substance important in assessing its potential health hazards?
In each of the following radioactive decay processes, supply the missing particle. a. \(^{60} \mathrm{Co} \rightarrow^{60} \mathrm{Ni}+?\) b. \(^{97} \mathrm{Tc}+? \rightarrow^{97} \mathrm{Mo}\) c. \(^{99} \mathrm{Tc} \rightarrow^{99} \mathrm{Ru}+?\) d. \(^{239} \mathrm{Pu} \rightarrow^{235} \mathrm{U}+?\)
Naturally occurring uranium is composed mostly of \(^{238} \mathrm{U}\) and \(^{235} \mathrm{U},\) with relative abundances of \(99.28 \%\) and \(0.72 \%,\) respectively. The half-life for \(^{238} \mathrm{U}\) is \(4.5 \times 10^{9}\) years, and the half-life for \(^{235} \mathrm{U}\) is \(7.1 \times 10^{8}\) years. Assuming that the earth was formed 4.5 billion years ago, calculate the relative abundances of the \(^{238} \mathrm{U}\) and \(^{235} \mathrm{U}\) isotopes when the earth was formed.
There is a trend in the United States toward using coal-fired power plants to generate electricity rather than building new nuclear fission power plants. Is the use of coal-fired power plants without risk? Make a list of the risks to society from the use of each type of power plant.
Given the following information: Mass of proton \(=1.00728 \mathrm{u}\) Mass of neutron \(=1.00866 \mathrm{u}\) Mass of electron \(=5.486 \times 10^{-4} \mathrm{u}\) Speed of light \(=2.9979 \times 10^{8} \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}\) Calculate the nuclear binding energy of \(\frac{24}{12} \mathrm{Mg},\) which has an atomic mass of 23.9850 u.
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