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Chapter 19: Problem 26

Thallium and indium form +1 and +3 oxidation states when in compounds. Predict the formulas of the possible compounds between thallium and oxygen and between indium and chlorine. Name the compounds.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The possible compounds between thallium and oxygen are thallium(I) oxide (\(Tl_2O\)) and thallium(III) oxide (\(Tl_2O_3\)). The compounds between indium and chlorine are indium(I) chloride (\(InCl\)) and indium(III) chloride (\(InCl_3\)).

Step by step solution

01

Determine the Oxidation States

Thallium can form +1 and +3 oxidation states, while indium can also form +1 and +3 oxidation states. Oxygen typically forms a -2 oxidation state, and chlorine typically forms a -1 oxidation state in compounds.
02

Compound Formation: Thallium and Oxygen

In order to form stable compounds between thallium and oxygen, we need to balance the charges between the ions: 1. Tl(+1) with O(-2): This combination does not have balanced charges; thus, the compound Tl2O forms with two thallium ions with a +1 charge and one oxygen ion with a -2 charge. 2. Tl(+3) with O(-2): To balance charges, the compound Tl2O3 forms with two thallium ions with a +3 charge and three oxygen ions with a -2 charge.
03

Name the Thallium-Oxygen Compounds

The compounds formed between thallium and oxygen can be named as follows: 1. Tl2O: Named as thallium(I) oxide, since the thallium is in its +1 oxidation state. 2. Tl2O3: Named as thallium(III) oxide, since the thallium is in its +3 oxidation state.
04

Compound Formation: Indium and Chlorine

In order to form stable compounds between indium and chlorine, we need to balance the charges between the ions: 1. In(+1) with Cl(-1): This combination has balanced charges; thus, the compound InCl forms with one indium ion with a +1 charge and one chlorine ion with a -1 charge. 2. In(+3) with Cl(-1): To balance charges, the compound InCl3 forms with one indium ion with a +3 charge and three chlorine ions with a -1 charge.
05

Name the Indium-Chlorine Compounds

The compounds formed between indium and chlorine can be named as follows: 1. InCl: Named as indium(I) chloride, since the indium is in its +1 oxidation state. 2. InCl3: Named as indium(III) chloride, since the indium is in its +3 oxidation state. In summary, the possible compounds formed between thallium and oxygen are thallium(I) oxide (Tl2O) and thallium(III) oxide (Tl2O3), and the compounds formed between indium and chlorine are indium(I) chloride (InCl) and indium(III) chloride (InCl3).

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Most popular questions from this chapter

How could you determine experimentally whether the compound \(\mathrm{Ga}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{4}\) contains two gallium(II) ions or one gallium(I) and one gallium(III) ion? (Hint: Consider the electron configurations of the three possible ions.)

What is a disproportionation reaction? Use the following reduction potentials $$\begin{array}{ll} \mathrm{ClO}_{3}^{-}+3 \mathrm{H}^{+}+2 \mathrm{e}^{-} \longrightarrow \mathrm{HClO}_{2}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} & \mathscr{C}^{\circ}=1.21 \mathrm{V} \\ \mathrm{HClO}_{2}+2 \mathrm{H}^{+}+2 \mathrm{e}^{-} \longrightarrow \mathrm{HClO}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} & \mathscr{C}^{\circ}=1.65 \mathrm{V} \end{array}$$ to predict whether \(\mathrm{HClO}_{2}\) will disproportionate.

Write a balanced equation describing the reaction of aluminum metal with concentrated aqueous sodium hydroxide.

The electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride (brine) is an important industrial process for the production of chlorine and sodium hydroxide. In fact, this process is the second largest consumer of electricity in the United States, after the production of aluminum. Write a balanced equation for the electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride (hydrogen gas is also produced).

In most compounds, the solid phase is denser than the liquid phase. Why isn't this true for water?
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