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Chapter 2: Problem 83

Draw atomic orbital diagrams representing the ground-state electron configuration for each of the following elements. a. Na b. Co c. Kr How many unpaired electrons are present in each element?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The ground-state electron configurations and atomic orbital diagrams for the given elements are: - Na (Sodium): 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹ with 1 unpaired electron in the 3s orbital. - Co (Cobalt): 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d⁷ with 3 unpaired electrons in the 3d orbitals. - Kr (Krypton): 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ with no unpaired electrons. Thus, Sodium has one unpaired electron, Cobalt has three unpaired electrons, and Krypton has no unpaired electrons.

Step by step solution

01

Write down the electron configuration

Sodium has an atomic number of 11, so it has 11 electrons. According to the Aufbau principle, the electron configuration for Na can be written as: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹
02

Draw the atomic orbital diagram

To draw the atomic orbital diagram, fill the orbitals according to Hund's Rule. Put the orbitals in increasing energy level order as follows: 1s -> 2s -> 2p -> 3s Fill the electrons (using arrows) in the orbitals according to the electron configuration: 1s² [↑↓] 2s² [↑↓] 2p⁶ [↑↓] [↑↓] [↑↓] 3s¹ [↑]
03

Determine the number of unpaired electrons in Sodium

The atomic orbital diagram shows that Sodium has only one unpaired electron in the 3s orbital. #Co (Cobalt)#
04

Write down the electron configuration

Cobalt has an atomic number of 27, so it has 27 electrons. According to the Aufbau principle, the electron configuration for Co can be written as: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d⁷
05

Draw the atomic orbital diagram

To draw the atomic orbital diagram, fill the orbitals according to Hund's Rule. Put the orbitals in increasing energy level order as follows: 1s -> 2s -> 2p -> 3s -> 3p -> 4s -> 3d Fill the electrons (using arrows) in the orbitals according to the electron configuration: 1s² [↑↓] 2s² [↑↓] 2p⁶ [↑↓] [↑↓] [↑↓] 3s² [↑↓] 3p⁶ [↑↓] [↑↓] [↑↓] 4s² [↑↓] 3d⁷ [↑] [↑] [↑] [↑] [↑↓] [↑]
06

Determine the number of unpaired electrons in Cobalt

The atomic orbital diagram shows that Cobalt has three unpaired electrons in the 3d orbitals. #Kr (Krypton)#
07

Write down the electron configuration

Krypton has an atomic number of 36, so it has 36 electrons. According to the Aufbau principle, the electron configuration for Kr can be written as: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶.
08

Draw the atomic orbital diagram

To draw the atomic orbital diagram, fill the orbitals according to Hund's Rule. Put the orbitals in increasing energy level order as follows: 1s -> 2s -> 2p -> 3s -> 3p -> 4s -> 3d -> 4p Fill the electrons (using arrows) in the orbitals according to the electron configuration: 1s² [↑↓] 2s² [↑↓] 2p⁶ [↑↓] [↑↓] [↑↓] 3s² [↑↓] 3p⁶ [↑↓] [↑↓] [↑↓] 4s² [↑↓] 3d¹⁰ [↑↓] [↑↓] [↑↓] [↑↓] [↑↓] 4p⁶ [↑↓] [↑↓] [↑↓]
09

Determine the number of unpaired electrons in Krypton

The atomic orbital diagram shows that Krypton has no unpaired electrons. All orbitals are completely filled. In summary, Sodium has one unpaired electron, Cobalt has three unpaired electrons, and Krypton has no unpaired electrons.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Assume that a hydrogen atom's electron has been excited to the \(n=5\) level. How many different wavelengths of light can be emitted as this excited atom loses energy?

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