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Chapter 2: Problem 90

The first-row transition metals from chromium through zinc all have some biologic function in the human body. How many unpaired electrons are present in each of these first-row transition metals in the ground state?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The ground state unpaired electron count for the first-row transition metals from Chromium (Cr) through Zinc (Zn) are: Cr: 5, Mn: 5, Fe: 4, Co: 3, Ni: 2, Cu: 0, and Zn: 0.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the elements in the first-row transition metals

The first-row transition metals are elements with atomic numbers 24 through 30, corresponding to Chromium (Cr) through Zinc (Zn).
02

Write their electron configurations

Using the periodic table, fill up the electron orbitals by the Aufbau principle, Hund's rule, and Pauli Exclusion Principle. The configurations of the first-row transition metals are: Cr: \([Ar]\) 4s\(^1\) 3d\(^5\) Mn: \([Ar]\) 4s\(^2\) 3d\(^5\) Fe: \([Ar]\) 4s\(^2\) 3d\(^6\) Co: \([Ar]\) 4s\(^2\) 3d\(^7\) Ni: \([Ar]\) 4s\(^2\) 3d\(^8\) Cu: \([Ar]\) 4s\(^1\) 3d\(^{10}\) Zn: \([Ar]\) 4s\(^2\) 3d\(^{10}\)
03

Determine the number of unpaired electrons

To find the number of unpaired electrons, examine the d orbitals in the electron configurations: Cr: 3d\(^5\): Five unpaired electrons Mn: 3d\(^5\): Five unpaired electrons Fe: 3d\(^6\): Four unpaired electrons Co: 3d\(^7\): Three unpaired electrons Ni: 3d\(^8\): Two unpaired electrons Cu: 3d\(^{10}\): Zero unpaired electrons Zn: 3d\(^{10}\): Zero unpaired electrons The ground state unpaired electron count for the first-row transition metals is 5, 5, 4, 3, 2, 0, and 0.

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