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Chapter 20: Problem 21

Write electron configurations for the following metals. a. Ni b. Cd c. Zr d. Os

Short Answer

Expert verified
The electron configurations for the given metals are as follows: a. Ni: \( 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^8 \) b. Cd: \( 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 \) c. Zr: \( 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^6 5s^2 4d^2 \) d. Os: \( 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^6 5s^2 4d^{10} 5p^6 6s^2 4f^{14} 5d^6 \)

Step by step solution

01

Understand electron configuration notation

Electron configuration notation is a shorthand way to represent the distribution of electrons among the atomic orbitals. It consists of the energy level, the type of orbital (s, p, d, or f), and the number of electrons in that orbital as a superscript. For example, a configuration of 1s^2 indicates that there are 2 electrons in the 1s orbital. The order in which orbitals fill is given by the Aufbau principle.
02

Recall the order to fill orbitals

To write electron configurations correctly, we must recall the order in which orbitals fill as per the Aufbau principle. The filling order is: 1s > 2s > 2p > 3s > 3p > 4s > 3d > 4p > 5s > 4d > 5p > 6s > 4f > 5d > 6p > 7s > 5f > 6d > 7p
03

Find the atomic numbers of the metals

Using the periodic table, we can find the atomic numbers of the given metals: a. Ni (Nickel) - Atomic number 28 b. Cd (Cadmium) - Atomic number 48 c. Zr (Zirconium) - Atomic number 40 d. Os (Osmium) - Atomic number 76
04

Write the electron configurations for the metals

Following the aufbau principle, we will write the electron configurations for the metals with given atomic numbers: a. Ni (Nickel, atomic number 28) - \( 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^8 \) b. Cd (Cadmium, atomic number 48) - \( 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 \) c. Zr (Zirconium, atomic number 40) - \( 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^6 5s^2 4d^2 \) d. Os (Osmium, atomic number 76) - \( 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^6 5s^2 4d^{10} 5p^6 6s^2 4f^{14} 5d^6 \)

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Most popular questions from this chapter

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