Write electron configurations for each of the following. a. \(\mathrm{Cr}, \mathrm{Cr}^{2+}, \mathrm{Cr}^{3+}\) b. \(\mathrm{Cu}, \mathrm{Cu}^{+}, \mathrm{Cu}^{2+} \quad\) c. \(\mathrm{V}, \mathrm{V}^{2+}, \mathrm{V}^{3+}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
a. Cr: \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^1 3d^5\); Cr²⁺: \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 3d^4\); Cr³⁺: \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 3d^3\) b. Cu: \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^1 3d^{10}\); Cu⁺: \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 3d^{10}\); Cu²⁺: \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 3d^9\) c. V: \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^3\); V²⁺: \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 3d^3\); V³⁺: \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 3d^2\)

Step by step solution

01

Find the atomic number of Chromium

Using the periodic table, we can see that the atomic number of Chromium (Cr) is 24.
02

Fill electron orbitals for Cr

Following the aufbau principle, we will fill the electron orbitals until we reach 24 electrons: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹ 3d⁵
03

Determine the electron configuration for Cr²⁺ and Cr³⁺ ions

Cr²⁺: Remove 2 electrons (one from 4s and one from 3d): 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d⁴ Cr³⁺: Remove 3 electrons (one from 4s and two from 3d): 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d³ b. Copper (Cu)
04

Find the atomic number of Copper

Using the periodic table, we can find that the atomic number of Copper (Cu) is 29.
05

Fill electron orbitals for Cu

Following the aufbau principle, we will fill the electron orbitals until we reach 29 electrons: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹ 3d¹⁰
06

Determine the electron configuration for Cu⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions

Cu⁺: Remove 1 electron from 4s: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ Cu²⁺: Remove 2 electrons (one from 4s and one from 3d): 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d⁹ c. Vanadium (V)
07

Find the atomic number of Vanadium

Using the periodic table, we can find that the atomic number of Vanadium (V) is 23.
08

Fill electron orbitals for V

Following the aufbau principle, we will fill the electron orbitals until we reach 23 electrons: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d³
09

Determine the electron configuration for V²⁺ and V³⁺ ions

V²⁺: Remove 2 electrons from 4s: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d³ V³⁺: Remove 2 electrons from 4s and 1 from 3d: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d²

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Molybdenum is obtained as a by-product of copper mining or is mined directly (primary deposits are in the Rocky Mountains in Colorado). In both cases it is obtained as \(\mathrm{MoS}_{2},\) which is then converted to \(\mathrm{MoO}_{3}\). The \(\mathrm{MoO}_{3}\) can be used directly in the production of stainless steel for high-speed tools (which accounts for about \(85 \%\) of the molybdenum used). Molybdenum can be purified by dissolving \(\mathrm{MoO}_{3}\) in aqueous ammonia and crystallizing ammonium molybdate. Depending on conditions, either \(\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{Mo}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{7}\) or \(\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{6} \mathrm{Mo}_{7} \mathrm{O}_{24} \cdot 4 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) is obtained. a. Give names for \(\mathrm{MoS}_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{MoO}_{3}\) b. What is the oxidation state of Mo in each of the compounds mentioned above?

Sketch a \(d\) -orbital energy diagram for the following. a. a linear complex ion with ligands on the \(x\) axis b. a linear complex ion with ligands on the \(y\) axis

Name the following coordination compounds. a. \(\left[\mathrm{Cr}\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)_{5} \mathrm{Br}\right] \mathrm{Br}_{2}\) b. \(\mathrm{Na}_{3}\left[\mathrm{Co}(\mathrm{CN})_{6}\right]\) c. \(\left[\mathrm{Fe}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{NH}_{2}\right)_{2}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{2}\right)_{2}\right] \mathrm{Cl}\) d. \(\left[\mathrm{Pt}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{4} \mathrm{I}_{2}\right]\left[\mathrm{PtI}_{4}\right]\)

Consider the pseudo-octahedral complex ion of \(\mathrm{Cr}^{3+},\) where \(\mathrm{A}\) and B represent ligands. Ligand A produces a stronger crystal field than ligand B. Draw an appropriate crystal field diagram for this complex ion (assume the A ligands are on the \(z\) -axis).

The following statements discuss some coordination compounds. For each coordination compound, give the complex ion and the counterions, the electron configuration of the transition metal, and the geometry of the complex ion. a. \(\mathrm{CoCl}_{2} \cdot 6 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) is a compound used in novelty devices that predict rain. b. During the developing process of black-and-white film, silver bromide is removed from photographic film by the fixer. The major component of the fixer is sodium thiosulfate. The equation for the reaction is: \(\begin{aligned} \operatorname{AgBr}(s)+2 \mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}(a q) & \longrightarrow \\\ \mathrm{Na}_{3}\left[\mathrm{Ag}\left(\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\right)_{2}\right](a q)+& \mathrm{NaBr}(a q) \end{aligned}\) c. In the production of printed circuit boards for the electronics industry, a thin layer of copper is laminated onto an insulating plastic board. Next, a circuit pattern made of a chemically resistant polymer is printed on the board. The unwanted copper is removed by chemical etching, and the protective polymer is finally removed by solvents. One etching reaction is: \(\mathrm{Cu}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{4} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}(a q)+4 \mathrm{NH}_{3}(a q)+\mathrm{Cu}(s) \longrightarrow\) \(2 \mathrm{Cu}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{4} \mathrm{Cl}(a q)\)

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