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Chapter 21: Problem 17

Draw a structural formula for each of the following compounds. a. 2 -methylpropane b. 2 -methylbutane c. 2 -methylpentane d. 2 -methylhexane

Short Answer

Expert verified
The structural formulas for the given compounds are as follows: (a) 2-methylpropane: \((CH_3)_2CH-CH_3\) (b) 2-methylbutane: \(CH_3-CH(CH_3)-CH_2-CH_3\) (c) 2-methylpentane: \(CH_3-CH(CH_3)-CH_2-CH_2-CH_3\) (d) 2-methylhexane: \(CH_3-CH(CH_3)-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-CH_3\)

Step by step solution

01

Understand the IUPAC nomenclature

The names provided all follow the IUPAC nomenclature system, which allows us to determine their structure. Each name consists of several parts: - A number specifying the position of a methyl group (this is the number before "methyl"). - The prefix before "methyl" indicating the number of carbon atoms present in the main chain (meth- = 1, eth- = 2, prop- = 3, but- = 4, pent- = 5, hex- = 6, etc.). - The ending "ane," which indicates that we're dealing with single-bonded carbon atoms (alkane compounds). For example, in the case of "2-methylpropane," the name tells us that the compound has a propane backbone (3 carbon atoms) and a methyl group is attached to the second carbon atom in the chain.
02

Draw the main carbon chain

For each compound, draw a horizontal line and place the appropriate number of carbon atoms in the main chain. Label the carbon atoms from left to right as C1, C2, C3, etc. (a) For 2-methylpropane, draw a line with 3 carbon atoms. (b) For 2-methylbutane, draw a line with 4 carbon atoms. (c) For 2-methylpentane, draw a line with 5 carbon atoms. (d) For 2-methylhexane, draw a line with 6 carbon atoms.
03

Attach the methyl group

Attach a methyl group (-CH3) to the indicated carbon atom in each compound. (a) Attach a methyl group to the second carbon atom of 2-methylpropane. (b) Attach a methyl group to the second carbon atom of 2-methylbutane. (c) Attach a methyl group to the second carbon atom of 2-methylpentane. (d) Attach a methyl group to the second carbon atom of 2-methylhexane.
04

Complete the structural formula

Add hydrogen atoms to each carbon atom to complete the structural formulas. In each compound, a carbon atom should have a total of four bonds. After completing these steps, we have the structural formulas for the given compounds: (a) 2-methylpropane: (CH3)2CH─CH3 (b) 2-methylbutane: CH3─CH(CH3)─CH2─CH3 (c) 2-methylpentane: CH3─CH(CH3)─CH2─CH2─CH3 (d) 2-methylhexane: CH3─CH(CH3)─CH2─CH2─CH2─CH3

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