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Chapter 21: Problem 37

Draw all the structural isomers of \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{10}\). Ignore any cyclic isomers.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The structural isomers of C$_{5}$H$_{10}$, excluding cyclic isomers, are: 1. \(H_{2}C=CH-CH_{2}-CH_{2}-CH_{3}\) 2. \(CH_{3}-CH=CH-CH_{2}-CH_{3}\) 3. \((CH_{3})_{2}C=CH-CH_{3}\) 4. \(CH_{3}-CH_{2}-CH=CH-CH_{3}\)

Step by step solution

01

Identify the parent chain

The parent chain consists of 5 carbon atoms in a straight chain. The simplest structural isomer would have the double bond between the first and second carbon. Let's draw the isomer. H H H H H | | | | | H-C-C=C-H | | | | | H H H H H
02

Move the double bond along the parent chain

Now, we need to move the double bond along the parent chain. We can place the double bond between the second and third carbon atoms. H H H H H | | | | | H-C-C=C-C-H | | | | | H H H H H At this point, we cannot move the double bond further down the chain, since doing so would result in a duplicate structure with mirror image.
03

Create a branched chain

We can now create a branched chain by adding a methyl group to the parent chain. The methyl group can be added to the second carbon atom in the chain. H H H | | | H-C-C-H | C=C-H | H
04

Move the double bond along the branched chain

We can now move the double bond along the branched chain to create another isomer. The double bond can be moved between the second and third carbon atoms in the branched chain. H H H H | | | | H-C-C=C | | H H | C-H | H We have now found all the structural isomers of C5H10, excluding cyclic isomers: 1. H₂C=CH-CH₂-CH₂-CH₃ 2. CH₃-CH=CH-CH₂-CH₃ 3. (CH₃)₂C=CH-CH₃ 4. CH₃-CH₂-CH=CH-CH₃

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Integrative Problems. These problems require the integration of multiple concepts to find the solutions. Helicenes are extended fused polyaromatic hydrocarbons that have a helical or screw-shaped structure. a. \(A 0.1450\) -g sample of solid helicene is combusted in air to give \(0.5063 \mathrm{g} \mathrm{CO}_{2}\). What is the empirical formula of this helicene? b. If a \(0.0938-g\) sample of this helicene is dissolved in \(12.5 \mathrm{g}\) of solvent to give a 0.0175 \(M\) solution, what is the molecular formula of this helicene? c. What is the balanced reaction for the combustion of this helicene?

Why is it preferable to produce chloroethane by the reaction of HCI(g) with ethene than by the reaction of \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2}(g)\) with ethane? (See Exercise 62.)

The average molar mass of one base pair of nucleotides in DNA is approximately 600 g/mol. The spacing between successive base pairs is about \(0.34 \mathrm{nm},\) and a complete turn in the helical structure of DNA occurs about every \(3.4 \mathrm{nm}\). If a DNA molecule has a molar mass of \(4.5 \times 10^{9} \mathrm{g} / \mathrm{mol}\), approximately how many complete turns exist in the DNA \(\alpha\)-helix structure?

When pure crystalline amino acids are heated, decomposition generally occurs before the solid melts. Account for this observation. (Hint: Crystalline amino acids exist as \(\mathbf{H}_{3} \mathrm{NCRHCOO}^{-}\) called zwitterions.)

The reaction to form a phosphate-ester linkage between two nucleotides can be approximated as follows: Would you predict the formation of a dinucleotide from two nucleotides to be a spontaneous process?
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