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Chapter 21: Problem 53

Name all the alcohols that have the formula \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}\). How many ethers have the formula \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O} ?\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
There are 7 alcohols with the molecular formula C5H12O: Pentan-1-ol, Pentan-2-ol, Pentan-3-ol, 2-Methylbutan-1-ol, 2-Methylbutan-2-ol, 3-Methylbutan-1-ol, and 3-Methylbutan-2-ol. There are 2 ethers with the same formula: Ethoxyethane and either n-Propoxyethane or isopropoxyethane.

Step by step solution

01

Identify Alcohols with the Formula C5H12O

To identify all the alcohols with the given molecular formula C5H12O, we will start with the longest carbon chain (5 carbons in length) and gradually decrease the carbon chain's length to find all possible isomers: 1. Pentan-1-ol (CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH) 2. Pentan-2-ol (CH3-CH2-CH2-CH(OH)-CH3) 3. Pentan-3-ol (CH3-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-CH3) 4. 2-Methylbutan-1-ol (CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-OH) 5. 2-Methylbutan-2-ol (CH3-CH(CH3)-CH(OH)-CH3) 6. 3-Methylbutan-1-ol (CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-OH) 7. 3-Methylbutan-2-ol (CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH(OH)-CH3) Thus, there are 7 alcohols with the molecular formula C5H12O.
02

Calculate the Number of Possible Ethers with the Formula C5H12O

To find the number of possible ethers with the given molecular formula C5H12O, we will consider the ethyl (C2H5) and propyl (C3H7) groups. Other combinations of carbon chains would not yield a similar molecular formula. 1. Ethoxyethane (Ch3-CH2-O-CH2-CH3): ethyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. 2. n-Propoxyethane (CH3-CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH3) or isopropoxyethane (CH3-CH(CH3)-O-CH2-CH3): propyl and ethyl groups are attached to the oxygen atom. Therefore, there are 2 ethers with the given molecular formula C5H12O.

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