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Chapter 21: Problem 54

Name all the aldehydes and ketones that have the formula \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
In conclusion, there are three possible aldehydes and ketones with the molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_5 \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O}\): 1. Pentanal: \(\mathrm{CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_2CHO}\) 2. 2-Pentanone: \(\mathrm{CH_3CH_2C(=O)CH_2CH_3}\) 3. 3-Pentanone: \(\mathrm{CH_3CHC(=O)CH_2CH_3}\)

Step by step solution

01

Identify possible aldehyde structures

First, we find the possible structures of aldehydes with a molecular formula of \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O}\). Aldehydes have a functional group \(\mathrm{C}=\mathrm{O}\) on one end of the carbon chain. Since we have five carbons, there can be only one possible aldehyde: 1. Pentanal: \(\mathrm{CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_2CHO}\)
02

Identify possible ketone structures

Next, we find the possible structures of ketones with a molecular formula of \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O}\). Ketones have a \(\mathrm{C}=\mathrm{O}\) group bonded to a non-terminal carbon atom. For a molecule with five carbons, the following ketone structures are possible: 1. 2-Pentanone: \(\mathrm{CH_3CH_2C(=O)CH_2CH_3}\) 2. 3-Pentanone: \(\mathrm{CH_3CHC(=O)CH_2CH_3}\)
03

Combine all possible structures

After identifying both aldehydes and ketones with five carbon atoms, we can merge the list to have all possible structures with a molecular formula of \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O}\): 1. Pentanal: \(\mathrm{CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_2CHO}\) 2. 2-Pentanone: \(\mathrm{CH_3CH_2C(=O)CH_2CH_3}\) 3. 3-Pentanone: \(\mathrm{CH_3CHC(=O)CH_2CH_3}\) In conclusion, there are three possible structures: one aldehyde (Pentanal) and two ketones (2-Pentanone and 3-Pentanone).

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