Log out Go to App
Go to App

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 21: Problem 56

Draw the structural formula for each of the following. a. formaldehyde (methanal) b. 4 -heptanone c. 3 -chlorobutanal d. \(5,5-\) dimethyl- 2 -hexanone

Short Answer

Expert verified
a. Methanal: \( \ce{H-C(=O)-H} \) b. 4-heptanone: \( \ce{CH3-CH2-CH2-(C(=O))-CH2-CH2-CH3} \) c. 3-chlorobutanal: \( \ce{H-C(=O)-CH2-CH(Cl)-CH3} \) d. 5,5-dimethyl-2-hexanone: \( \ce{CH3-CH2-(C(=O))-CH2-(C(CH3)_2)- CH2-CH3} \)

Step by step solution

01

a. Formaldehyde (methanal)

Formaldehyde is also known as methanal, which indicates it has one carbon atom and is an aldehyde. Aldehydes have the functional group \( \ce{-CHO} \). To draw the structure, we simply connect the functional group to the single carbon atom. Methanal: \( \ce{H-C(=O)-H} \)
02

b. 4 -heptanone

Heptanone indicates that it has a ketone functional group \(\ce{C(=O)}\) and its carbon chain has 7 carbon atoms. The number 4 in front of the name shows the location of the ketone on the carbon chain. We will start by drawing the 7-carbon long chain and then add the ketone group to the 4th carbon atom. 4-heptanone: \( \ce{CH3-CH2-CH2-(C(=O))-CH2-CH2-CH3} \)
03

c. 3 -chlorobutanal

3-chlorobutanal indicates it is an aldehyde with a 4-carbon long chain with a chlorine atom attached at carbon number 3. First, draw the 4-carbon long chain and add the aldehyde functional group \( \ce{-CHO} \) to the end of the chain. Then add a chlorine atom to the 3rd carbon in the chain. 3-chlorobutanal: \( \ce{H-C(=O)-CH2-CH(Cl)-CH3} \)
04

d. 5,5- dimethyl-2-hexanone

5,5-dimethyl-2-hexanone is a ketone with 6 carbon atoms in the parent chain, the ketone group is at position 2 and there are two methyl groups at the 5th carbon atom. Start by drawing the 6-carbon long chain and then add the ketone group to the 2nd carbon. Lastly, add the two methyl groups to the 5th carbon. 5,5-dimethyl-2-hexanone: \( \ce{CH3-CH2-(C(=O))-CH2-(C(CH3)_2)- CH2-CH3} \)

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Start your free trial

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Aspartame, the artificial sweetener marketed under the name NutraSweet, is a methyl ester of a dipeptide: a. What two amino acids are used to prepare aspartame? b. There is concern that methanol may be produced by the decomposition of aspartame. From what portion of the molecule can methanol be produced? Write an equation for this reaction.

Indicate the chiral carbon atoms found in the monosaccharides D-ribose and D-mannose.

If you had a group of hydrocarbons, what structural features would you look at to rank the hydrocarbons in order of increasing boiling point?

Draw all structural and geometrical (cis-trans) isomers of \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{7} \mathrm{F}\). Ignore any cyclic isomers.

Cumene is the starting material for the industrial production of acetone and phenol. The structure of cumene is Give the systematic name for cumene.
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Chemistry Branches

Read Explanation

Making Measurements

Read Explanation

Nuclear Chemistry

Read Explanation

Organic Chemistry

Read Explanation

The Earths Atmosphere

Read Explanation

Inorganic Chemistry

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.

Sign-up for free