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Chapter 21: Problem 58

Draw a structural formula for each of the following. a. 3 -methylpentanoic acid b. ethyl methanoate c. methyl benzoate d. 3 -chloro- 2,4 -dimethylhexanoic acid

Short Answer

Expert verified
The structural formulas for the given compounds are: a. 3-methylpentanoic acid: \(CH_3CH_2CH(CH_3)CH_2COOH\) b. ethyl methanoate: \(CH_3OOCCH_2CH_3\) c. methyl benzoate: \(C_6H_5OOCCH_3\) d. 3-chloro-2,4-dimethylhexanoic acid: \(CH_3CH(CH_3)CHClCH(CH_3)CH_2COOH\)

Step by step solution

01

a. 3-methylpentanoic acid

1. Identify the parent chain and functional group: The parent chain is "pentanoic acid," which has five carbon atoms and a carboxylic acid functional group. 2. Identify the substituent: The substituent is a methyl group at position 3. 3. Draw the structural formula: Draw a chain of five carbon atoms, with a carboxylic acid group at the end (C1). Add the methyl group at the third carbon. The structural formula for 3-methylpentanoic acid is: \(CH_3CH_2CH(CH_3)CH_2COOH\)
02

b. ethyl methanoate

1. Identify the parent chain and functional group: The parent chain is "methanoate," which corresponds to a methyl ester functional group. 2. Identify the substituent: The substituent is an ethyl group. 3. Draw the structural formula: Draw a methyl group connected to an ester group, and add the ethyl group to the ester group. The structural formula for ethyl methanoate is: \(CH_3OOCCH_2CH_3\)
03

c. methyl benzoate

1. Identify the parent chain and functional group: The parent chain is "benzoate," which corresponds to a benzene ring with an ester functional group. 2. Identify the substituent: The substituent is a methyl group. 3. Draw the structural formula: Draw a benzene ring with an ester group attached, and add the methyl group to the ester group. The structural formula for methyl benzoate is: \(C_6H_5OOCCH_3\)
04

d. 3-chloro-2,4-dimethylhexanoic acid

1. Identify the parent chain and functional group: The parent chain is "hexanoic acid," which has six carbon atoms and a carboxylic acid functional group. 2. Identify the substituents: The substituents are a chloro group at position 3 and two methyl groups at position 2 and 4, respectively. 3. Draw the structural formula: Draw a chain of six carbon atoms, with a carboxylic acid group at one end (C1). Add the chloro group at the third carbon and the methyl groups at the second and fourth carbons. The structural formula for 3-chloro-2,4-dimethylhexanoic acid is: \(CH_3CH(CH_3)CHClCH(CH_3)CH_2COOH\)

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Most popular questions from this chapter

If one hydrogen in a hydrocarbon is replaced by a halogen atom, the number of isomers that exist for the substituted compound depends on the number of types of hydrogen in the original hydrocarbon. Thus there is only one form of chloroethane (all hydrogens in ethane are equivalent), but there are two isomers of propane that arise from the substitution of a methyl hydrogen or a methylene hydrogen. How many isomers can be obtained when one hydrogen in each of the compounds named below is replaced by a chlorine atom? a. \(n\) -pentane c. 2,4 -dimethylpentane b. 2 -methylbutane d. methylcyclobutane

Three important classes of biologically important natural polymers are discussed. What are the three classes, what are the monomers used to form the polymers, and why are they biologically important?

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