Log out Go to App
Go to App

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 21: Problem 8

Give an example reaction that would yield the following products. Name the organic reactant and product in each reaction. a. alkane b. monohalogenated alkane c. dihalogenated alkane d. tetrahalogenated alkane e. monohalogenated benzene f. alkene

Short Answer

Expert verified
a. Alkane: Ethene (C2H4) + Hydrogen (H2) -> Ethane (C2H6) b. Monohalogenated alkane: Methane (CH4) + Chlorine (Cl2) -> Chloromethane (CH3Cl) + HCl c. Dihalogenated alkane: Chloromethane (CH3Cl) + Chlorine (Cl2) -> Dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) + HCl d. Tetrahalogenated alkane: Trichloromethane (CHCl3) + Chlorine (Cl2) -> Tetrachloromethane (CCl4) + HCl e. Monohalogenated benzene: Benzene (C6H6) + Chlorine (Cl2) -> Chlorobenzene (C6H5Cl) + HCl f. Alkene: Ethanol (C2H5OH) + Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) -> Ethene (C2H4) + H2O

Step by step solution

01

a. Alkane

An example of a reaction that yields an alkane is the hydrogenation of an alkene. In this reaction, an alkene reacts with hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst, such as platinum or palladium. For example, ethene (C2H4) reacts with hydrogen (H2) to form ethane (C2H6): \[ \mathrm{C_2H_4 + H_2 \xrightarrow[Pd\ or\ Pt]{\ 300^{\circ}C} C_2H_6} \]
02

b. Monohalogenated alkane

An example of a reaction that yields a monohalogenated alkane is the halogenation of an alkane. In this reaction, an alkane reacts with a halogen in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) light. For example, methane (CH4) reacts with chlorine (Cl2) to form chloromethane (CH3Cl): \[ \mathrm{CH_4 + Cl_2 \xrightarrow[]{\ hs\nu} CH_3Cl + HCl} \]
03

c. Dihalogenated alkane

An example of a reaction that yields a dihalogenated alkane is the further halogenation of a monohalogenated alkane. In this reaction, a monohalogenated alkane reacts with a halogen in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) light. For example, chloromethane (CH3Cl) reacts with chlorine (Cl2) to form dichloromethane (CH2Cl2): \[ \mathrm{CH_3Cl + Cl_2 \xrightarrow[]{\ hs\nu} CH_2Cl_2 + HCl} \]
04

d. Tetrahalogenated alkane

An example of a reaction that yields a tetrahalogenated alkane is the halogenation of a trihalogenated alkane. Here, a trihalogenated alkane reacts with a halogen in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) light. For example, trichloromethane (CHCl3) reacts with chlorine (Cl2) to form tetrachloromethane (CCl4): \[ \mathrm{CHCl_3 + Cl_2 \xrightarrow[]{\ hs\nu} CCl_4 + HCl} \]
05

e. Monohalogenated benzene

An example of a reaction that yields a monohalogenated benzene is the halogenation of benzene. In this reaction, benzene (C6H6) reacts with a halogen in the presence of a halogen carrier, such as aluminum chloride (AlCl3) in case of chlorination. For example, benzene reacts with chlorine (Cl2) in the presence of a halogen carrier to form chlorobenzene (C6H5Cl): \[ \mathrm{C_6H_6 + Cl_2 \xrightarrow[]{\ AlCl_3} C_6H_5Cl + HCl} \]
06

f. Alkene

An example of a reaction that yields an alkene is the dehydration of an alcohol. In this reaction, an alcohol reacts with a strong acid, such as sulfuric acid (H2SO4), to form the corresponding alkene. For example, ethanol (C2H5OH) reacts with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to form ethene (C2H4): \[ \mathrm{C_2H_5OH \xrightarrow[]{\ H_2SO_4} C_2H_4 + H_2O} \]

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Start your free trial

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

The Amoco Chemical Company has successfully raced a car with a plastic engine. Many of the engine parts, including piston skirts, connecting rods, and valve- train components, were made of a polymer called Torlon: What monomers are used to make this polymer?

Choose one of the following terms to match the description 1 given in statements \((1)-(17) .\) All of the following pertain to proteins or carbohydrates. a. aldohexose b. saliva c. cellulose d. \(\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) e. cysteine f. denaturation g. disaccharides h. disulfide i. globular j. glycogen k. glycoside linkage I. hydrophobic m. ketohexoses n. oxytocin o. pleated sheet p. polypeptide q. primary structure (1) polymer consisting of many amino acids (2) linkage that forms between two cysteine species (3) peptide hormone that triggers milk secretion (4) proteins with roughly spherical shape (5) sequence of amino acids in a protein (6) silk protein secondary structure (7) water-repelling amino acid side chain (8) amino acid responsible for permanent wave in hair (9) breakdown of a protein's tertiary and/or secondary structure (10) animal polymer of glucose (11) \(-\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{C}-\) bond between rings in disaccharide sugars (12) empirical formula leading to the name carbohydrate (13) where enzymes catalyzing the breakdown of glycoside linkages are found (14) six-carbon ketone sugars (15) structural component of plants, polymer of glucose (16) sugars consisting of two monomer units (17) six-carbon aldehyde sugars

When heat is added to proteins, the hydrogen bonding in the secondary structure is disrupted. What are the algebraic signs of \(\Delta H\) and \(\Delta S\) for the denaturation process?

Name all the alcohols that have the formula \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}\). How many ethers have the formula \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O} ?\)

Draw the isomer(s) specified. There may be more than one possible isomer for each part. a. a cyclic compound that is an isomer of trans-2-butene b. an ester that is an isomer of propanoic acid c. a ketone that is an isomer of butanal d. a secondary amine that is an isomer of butylamine e. a tertiary amine that is an isomer of butylamine f. an ether that is an isomer of 2 -methyl-2-propanol g. a secondary alcohol that is an isomer of 2-methyl-2-propanol
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Organic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Physical Chemistry

Read Explanation

Chemical Reactions

Read Explanation

Chemical Analysis

Read Explanation

The Earths Atmosphere

Read Explanation

Making Measurements

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.

Sign-up for free