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Chapter 3: Problem 149

Given the following information: Energy of sublimation of \(\mathrm{Li}(s)=166 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\) Bond energy of \(\mathrm{HCl}=427 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\) Ionization energy of \(\mathrm{Li}(g)=520 . \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\) Electron affinity of \(\mathrm{Cl}(g)=-349 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\) Lattice energy of \(\mathrm{LiCl}(s)=-829 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\) Bond energy of \(\mathrm{H}_{2}=432 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\) Calculate the net change in energy for the following reaction: $$ 2 \mathrm{Li}(s)+2 \mathrm{HCl}(g) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{LiCl}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2}(g) $$

Short Answer

Expert verified
The net change in energy for the reaction \(2 \mathrm{Li}(s)+2 \mathrm{HCl}(g) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{LiCl}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2}(g)\) is -497 kJ/mol, indicating that it is an exothermic reaction.

Step by step solution

01

Write down the energies of bond breaking

We will start by listing the energy changes associated with the breaking of chemical bonds in the reactants. For this reaction, we need to break the \(\mathrm{Li}(s)\), and \(\mathrm{HCl}(g)\) bonds. The energy values for these processes respectively are: \(\mathrm{Li}(s)=166 \mathrm{kJ/mol}\), and \(\mathrm{HCl}(g)=427 \mathrm{kJ/mol}\).
02

Write down the energies of bond formation

Next, we list the energy changes associated with the formation of chemical bonds in the products. For this reaction, we need to form the \(\mathrm{LiCl}(s)\) and \(\mathrm{H}_2(g)\) bonds. The energy values for these processes respectively are: \(\mathrm{LiCl}(s)=-829 \mathrm{kJ/mol}\) and \(\mathrm{H}_2(g)=-432 \mathrm{kJ/mol}\).
03

Consider the energy values for ionization and electron affinity

The given reaction also involves the ionization of \(\mathrm{Li}(g)\) and the electron affinity of \(\mathrm{Cl}(g)\). These energy values respectively are: \(\mathrm{Li}(g)=520 \mathrm{kJ/mol}\) and \(\mathrm{Cl}(g)=-349 \mathrm{kJ/mol}\).
04

Calculate the net energy change for the reaction

In order to calculate the net energy change for this reaction, we will sum the energy changes associated with each part of the reaction, considering both bond breaking and bond formation. Net energy change= (Energy of bond breaking) + (Energy of bond formation) + (Ionization energy) + (Electron affinity) Net energy change = (166 kJ/mol + 427 kJ/mol) + (-829 kJ/mol + (-432 kJ/mol)) + (520 kJ/mol) + (-349 kJ/mol) Net energy change = (593 kJ/mol) + (-1261 kJ/mol) + 520 kJ/mol + (-349 kJ/mol) Net energy change = -497 kJ/mol The net change in energy for this reaction is -497 kJ/mol. This means that the reaction is exothermic, releasing 497 kJ of energy per mole of reactants.

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