Write Lewis structures for the following. Show all resonancestructures where applicable.a. \(\mathrm{NO}_{2}^{-}, \mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}, \mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{4}\left(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{4} \text { exists as } \mathrm{O}_{2} \mathrm{N}-\mathrm{NO}_{2} .\right)\) b. \(\mathrm{OCN}^{-}, \mathrm{SCN}^{-}, \mathrm{N}_{3}^{-}\) (Carbon is the central atom in \(\mathrm{OCN}^{-}\) and \(\mathrm{SCN}^{-} .\) )

Short Answer

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(a) NO2-: Two resonance structures with N as the central atom, one N-O single bond, one N=O double bond and formal charge -1 on single-bonded O. NO3-: Three resonance structures with N as the central atom, two N=O double bonds, one N-O single bond and formal charge -1 on single-bonded O. N2O4: One structure with two NO2 groups interconnected via O—N—O single bond and N=O double bond. (b) OCN-: One structure with C as the central atom, a C—O single bond with a -1 formal charge on O, and a C=N double bond. SCN-: One structure with C as the central atom, a C—S single bond with a -1 formal charge on S, and a C≡N triple bond. N3-: Two resonance structures, one N—N single bond, one N≡N triple bond, and formal charge -1 on the terminal N with 2 lone pairs.

Step by step solution

01

(a) NO2- Lewis Structure and Resonance

1. Total valence electrons: (5 from N) + (6*2 from O) + 1 extra electron due to negative charge = 18 electrons 2. Central atom: Nitrogen 3. Distribute electrons: One N-O bond (2 electrons), one N=O bond (4 electrons), and 8 electrons as lone pairs (4 on each O) 4. All atoms have fulfilled the octet rule 5. Resonance structures: Two possible structures with a double bond between N and one of the O atoms 6. Formal charges: O atoms with single bonds have -1 charge, no formal charge on N
02

(a) NO3- Lewis Structure and Resonance

1. Total valence electrons: (5 from N) + (6*3 from O) + 1 extra electron due to negative charge = 24 electrons 2. Central atom: Nitrogen 3. Distribute electrons: One N—O single bond (2 electrons) and two N=O double bonds (8 electrons), and 14 electrons as lone pairs (6 on each O with a single bond, 2 on each O with a double bond) 4. All atoms have fulfilled the octet rule 5. Resonance structures: Three possible structures with a double bond between N and each of the three O atoms 6. Formal charges: O atoms with single bonds have -1 charge, no formal charge on N
03

(a) N2O4 Lewis Structure and Resonance

1. Total valence electrons: (5*2 from N) + (6*4 from O) = 36 electrons 2. Central atoms: Two Nitrogen atoms 3. Structure: Draw one NO2 molecule with an N—O single bond and an N=O double bond as derived above, attach the N of a second NO2 molecule to the singly bonded O via another single bond. Distribute the remaining 4 electrons on the O atoms. 4. All atoms have fulfilled the octet rule, and formal charges are as discussed for NO2.
04

(b) OCN- Lewis Structure and Resonance

1. Total valence electrons: (6 from O) + (4 from C) + (5 from N) + 1 extra electron due to negative charge = 16 electrons 2. Central atom: Carbon 3. Distribute electrons: Form a C=N double bond (4 electrons) and a C—O single bond (2 electrons), distribute the remaining 10 electrons as lone pairs (6 on O and 2 on N) 4. All atoms have fulfilled the octet rule 5. No resonance structures 6. Formal charges: -1 on O, no formal charge on C and N
05

(b) SCN- Lewis Structure and Resonance

1. Total valence electrons: (6 from S) + (4 from C) + (5 from N) + 1 extra electron due to negative charge = 16 electrons 2. Central atom: Carbon 3. Distribute electrons: Form a C≡N triple bond (6 electrons) and a C—S single bond (2 electrons), distribute the remaining 8 electrons as lone pairs (6 on S and 2 on N) 4. All atoms have fulfilled the octet rule 5. No resonance structures 6. Formal charges: -1 on S, no formal charge on C and N
06

(b) N3- Lewis Structure and Resonance

1. Total valence electrons: (5*3 from N) + 1 extra electron due to negative charge = 16 electrons 2. Arrange atoms linearly: N—N—N 3. Distribute electrons: Form a N≡N triple bond (6 electrons) and a N—N single bond (2 electrons), distribute the remaining 8 electrons as lone pairs (2 on each terminal N and 4 on the central N) 4. All atoms have fulfilled the octet rule except the central N which has an extended octet 5. Resonance structures: Two possible structures with a triple bond between each of the terminal N atoms and the central N atom 6. Formal charges: -1 on the terminal N with 2 lone pairs, no formal charge on the central N and other terminal N

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