Describe how you would prepare 2.00 L of each of the following solutions. a. \(0.250 \mathrm{M}\) NaOH from solid \(\mathrm{NaOH}\) b. \(0.250 M\) NaOH from \(1.00 M\) NaOH stock solution c. \(0.100 M K_{2} C r O_{4}\) from solid \(K_{2} C r O_{4}\) d. \(0.100 M K_{2} C r O_{4}\) from \(1.75 M K_{2} C r O_{4}\) stock solution

: 1. Calculate the moles of NaOH needed: Since the volume is 2.00 L and the concentration is \(0.250 M\), first find the moles of NaOH using the formula \(moles = Molarity × Volume\). \(moles = 0.250 M × 2.00 L = 0.50 moles\) 2. Convert moles to grams: Now we need to convert 0.50 moles of NaOH to grams. The molar mass of NaOH is approximately 40 g/mol, so the mass of NaOH required is: \(mass = moles × molar\ mass\) \(mass = 0.50\ moles × 40\ g/mol = 20\ g\) 3. Dissolve NaOH in water: To prepare the solution, weigh out 20 grams of solid NaOH and dissolve it in approximately 1.90 L of water. 4. Adjust the final volume: After dissolving the NaOH, add the remaining water to the solution until the total volume reaches 2.00 L.

: 1. Calculate the volume of stock solution needed: We'll use the formula \(M_1V_1 = M_2V_2\) \(V_1 = \dfrac{M_2V_2}{M_1} = \dfrac{0.250 M × 2.00 L}{1.00 M} = 0.50 L\) 2. Dilute the stock solution: To prepare the \(0.250 M\) NaOH solution, measure out 0.50 L of the \(1.00 M\) NaOH stock solution and pour it into a container. 3. Add water: Fill the container with distilled water until the total volume reaches 2.00 L.

: 1. Calculate the moles of \(K_{2}C r O_{4}\) needed: Since the volume is 2.00 L and the concentration is \(0.100 M\), we have: \(moles = molarity × volume = 0.100 M × 2.00 L = 0.20 moles\) 2. Convert moles to grams: Now we need to convert 0.20 moles of \(K_{2}C r O_{4}\) to grams. The molar mass of \(K_{2}C r O_{4}\) is approximately 294 g/mol, so: \(mass = moles × molar\ mass\ = 0.20\ moles × 294\ g/mol\ = 58.8\ g\) 3. Dissolve \(K_{2}C r O_{4}\) in water: To prepare the solution, weigh out 58.8 grams of solid \(K_{2}C r O_{4}\) and dissolve it in approximately 1.90 L of water. 4. Adjust the final volume: After dissolving the \(K_{2}C r O_{4}\), add the remaining water to the solution until the total volume reaches 2.00 L.

: 1. Calculate the volume of stock solution needed: We'll use the formula \(M_1V_1 = M_2V_2\) \(V_1 = \dfrac{M_2V_2}{M_1} = \dfrac{0.100 M × 2.00 L}{1.75 M} = 0.114 L\) 2. Dilute the stock solution: To prepare the \(0.100 M K_{2}C r O_{4}\) solution, measure out 0.114 L of the \(1.75 M K_{2}C r O_{4}\) stock solution and pour it into a container. 3. Add water: Fill the container with distilled water until the total volume reaches 2.00 L.