Write the balanced formula, complete ionic, and net ionic equations for each of the following acid-base reactions. a. \(\mathrm{HNO}_{3}(a q)+\mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{OH})_{3}(s) \rightarrow\) b. \(\mathrm{HC}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}(a q)+\mathrm{KOH}(a q) \rightarrow\) c. \(\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}(a q)+\mathrm{HCl}(a q) \rightarrow\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
a. Balanced Formula Equation: \(3\mathrm{HNO}_{3}(a q)+\mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{OH})_{3}(s) \rightarrow 3\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l) + \mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{NO}_{3})_{3}(a q)\) Complete Ionic Equation: \(3\mathrm{H^{+}}(a q) + 3\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}(a q)+ \mathrm{Al^{3+}}(s) + 3\mathrm{OH}^{-}(s) \rightarrow 3\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l) + \mathrm{Al^{3+}}(a q) + 3\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}(a q)\) Net Ionic Equation: \(\mathrm{H^{+}}(a q) + \mathrm{OH}^{-}(s) \rightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l)\) b. Balanced Formula Equation: \(\mathrm{HC}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}(a q)+\mathrm{KOH}(a q) \rightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l) + \mathrm{KC}_{2}\mathrm{H}_{3}\mathrm{O}_{2}(a q)\) Complete Ionic Equation: \(\mathrm{H^{+}}(a q) + \mathrm{C}_{2}\mathrm{H}_{3}\mathrm{O}_{2}^{-}(a q) + \mathrm{K^{+}}(a q) + \mathrm{OH}^{-}(a q) \rightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l) + \mathrm{K^{+}}(a q) + \mathrm{C}_{2}\mathrm{H}_{3}\mathrm{O}_{2}^{-}(a q)\) Net Ionic Equation: \(\mathrm{H^{+}}(a q) + \mathrm{OH}^{-}(a q) \rightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l)\) c. Balanced Formula Equation: \(\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}(a q)+2\mathrm{HCl}(a q) \rightarrow 2\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l) + \mathrm{CaCl}_{2}(a q)\) Complete Ionic Equation: \(\mathrm{Ca^{2+}}(a q) + 2\mathrm{OH}^{-}(a q) + 2\mathrm{H^{+}}(a q) + 2\mathrm{Cl}^{-}(a q) \rightarrow 2\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l) + \mathrm{Ca^{2+}}(a q) + 2\mathrm{Cl}^{-}(a q)\) Net Ionic Equation: \(2\mathrm{H^{+}}(a q) + 2\mathrm{OH}^{-}(a q) \rightarrow 2\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l)\)

Step by step solution

01

Identify the products

In an acid-base reaction, the hydrogen ion from the acid (HNO3) will combine with the hydroxide ion from the base (Al(OH)3), forming water. The remaining elements (Al and NO3) will form a salt. So, the products of the reaction will be water and an aluminum nitrate salt.
02

Write the balanced formula equation

Now we will balance the equation: \[3\mathrm{HNO}_{3}(a q)+\mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{OH})_{3}(s) \rightarrow 3\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l) + \mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{NO}_{3})_{3}(a q)\]
03

Write the complete ionic equation

To write the complete ionic equation, we break down soluble ionic compounds into their individual ions: \[3\mathrm{H^{+}}(a q) + 3\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}(a q)+ \mathrm{Al^{3+}}(s) + 3\mathrm{OH}^{-}(s) \rightarrow 3\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l) + \mathrm{Al^{3+}}(a q) + 3\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}(a q)\]
04

Write the net ionic equation

To get the net ionic equation, we remove the spectator ions, which are the same ions on both sides of the complete ionic equation: \[\mathrm{H^{+}}(a q) + \mathrm{OH}^{-}(s) \rightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l)\] b. $\mathrm{HC}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}(a q)+\mathrm{KOH}(a q) \rightarrow$
05

Identify the products

For this reaction, the hydrogen ion from the acetic acid (HC2H3O2) will combine with the hydroxide ion from the potassium hydroxide (KOH), forming water. The remaining elements (K and C2H3O2) will form a salt. So, the products of the reaction will be water and potassium acetate salt.
06

Write the balanced formula equation

The balanced formula equation for this reaction is: \[\mathrm{HC}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}(a q)+\mathrm{KOH}(a q) \rightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l) + \mathrm{KC}_{2}\mathrm{H}_{3}\mathrm{O}_{2}(a q)\]
07

Write the complete ionic equation

The complete ionic equation is: \[\mathrm{H^{+}}(a q) + \mathrm{C}_{2}\mathrm{H}_{3}\mathrm{O}_{2}^{-}(a q) + \mathrm{K^{+}}(a q) + \mathrm{OH}^{-}(a q) \rightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l) + \mathrm{K^{+}}(a q) + \mathrm{C}_{2}\mathrm{H}_{3}\mathrm{O}_{2}^{-}(a q)\]
08

Write the net ionic equation

The net ionic equation is: \[\mathrm{H^{+}}(a q) + \mathrm{OH}^{-}(a q) \rightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l)\] c. $\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}(a q)+\mathrm{HCl}(a q) \rightarrow$
09

Identify the products

For this reaction, the hydrogen ion from the hydrochloric acid (HCl) will combine with the hydroxide ion from calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), forming water. The remaining elements (Ca and Cl) will form a salt. The products of the reaction will be water and calcium chloride salt.
10

Write the balanced formula equation

The balanced formula equation is: \[\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}(a q)+2\mathrm{HCl}(a q) \rightarrow 2\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l) + \mathrm{CaCl}_{2}(a q)\]
11

Write the complete ionic equation

The complete ionic equation is: \[\mathrm{Ca^{2+}}(a q) + 2\mathrm{OH}^{-}(a q) + 2\mathrm{H^{+}}(a q) + 2\mathrm{Cl}^{-}(a q) \rightarrow 2\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l) + \mathrm{Ca^{2+}}(a q) + 2\mathrm{Cl}^{-}(a q)\]
12

Write the net ionic equation

Finally, the net ionic equation is: \[2\mathrm{H^{+}}(a q) + 2\mathrm{OH}^{-}(a q) \rightarrow 2\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l)\]

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The unknown acid \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{X}\) can be neutralized completely by \(\mathrm{OH}^{-}\) according to the following (unbalanced) equation: $$ \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{X}(a q)+\mathrm{OH}^{-}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{X}^{2-}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) $$ The ion formed as a product, \(\mathrm{X}^{2-},\) was shown to have 36 total electrons. What is element X? Propose a name for \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{X}\). To completely neutralize a sample of \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{X}, 35.6 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(0.175 \mathrm{M}\) \(\mathrm{OH}^{-}\) solution was required. What was the mass of the \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{X}\) sample used?

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