Using the general solubility rules given in Table \(6-1,\) name three reagents that would form precipitates with each of the following ions in aqueous solution. Write the net ionic equation for each of your suggestions. a. chloride ion d. sulfate ion b. calcium ion e. mercury(I) ion, \(\mathrm{Hg}_{2}^{2+}\) c. iron(III) ion f. silver ion

Short Answer

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For chloride ions, precipitates can form with silver nitrate, lead nitrate, and mercury(II) nitrate. The net ionic equations are: 1. \(Ag^+ + Cl^- \rightarrow AgCl\) 2. \(Pb^{2+} + 2Cl^- \rightarrow PbCl_2\) 3. \(Hg^{2+} + 2Cl^- \rightarrow HgCl_2\) For sulfate ions, precipitates can form with barium chloride, lead nitrate, and calcium chloride. The net ionic equations are: 1. \(Ba^{2+} + SO_4^{2-} \rightarrow BaSO_4\) 2. \(Pb^{2+} + SO_4^{2-} \rightarrow PbSO_4\) 3. \(Ca^{2+} + SO_4^{2-} \rightarrow CaSO_4\) For calcium ions, precipitates can form with sulfate ion, phosphate ion, and oxalate ion. The net ionic equations are: 1. \(Ca^{2+} + SO_4^{2-} \rightarrow CaSO_4\) 2. \(3Ca^{2+} + 2PO_4^{3-} \rightarrow Ca_3(PO_4)_2\) 3. \(Ca^{2+} + C_2O_4^{2-} \rightarrow CaC_2O_4\) For mercury(I) ions, precipitates can form with chloride ion, bromide ion, and iodide ion. The net ionic equations are: 1. \(Hg_2^{2+} + 2Cl^- \rightarrow Hg_2Cl_2\) 2. \(Hg_2^{2+} + 2Br^- \rightarrow Hg_2Br_2\) 3. \(Hg_2^{2+} + 2I^- \rightarrow Hg_2I_2\) For iron(III) ions, precipitates can form with hydroxide ion, phosphate ion, and sulfide ion. The net ionic equations are: 1. \(Fe^{3+} + 3OH^- \rightarrow Fe(OH)_3\) 2. \(Fe^{3+} + PO_4^{3-} \rightarrow FePO_4\) 3. \(2Fe^{3+} + 3S^{2-} \rightarrow Fe_2S_3\) For silver ions, precipitates can form with chloride ion, bromide ion, and iodide ion. The net ionic equations are: 1. \(Ag^+ + Cl^- \rightarrow AgCl\) 2. \(Ag^+ + Br^- \rightarrow AgBr\) 3. \(Ag^+ + I^- \rightarrow AgI\)

Step by step solution

01

Identify insoluble reagents with chloride ion

Using the general solubility rules, we can identify three reagents that would form insoluble products with chloride ion: silver nitrate (AgNO3), lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2), and mercury(II) nitrate (Hg(NO3)2). These reagents would form silver chloride (AgCl), lead(II) chloride (PbCl2), and mercury(II) chloride (HgCl2) precipitates, respectively.
02

Write the net ionic equations

For each of the reactions with chloride ion, we can write the net ionic equations as follows: 1. Silver nitrate and chloride ion: \(Ag^+ + Cl^- \rightarrow AgCl\) 2. Lead nitrate and chloride ion: \(Pb^{2+} + 2Cl^- \rightarrow PbCl_2\) 3. Mercury(II) nitrate and chloride ion: \(Hg^{2+} + 2Cl^- \rightarrow HgCl_2\) **(b) Sulfate ion (SO4²-)**
03

Identify insoluble reagents with sulfate ion

Using the general solubility rules, we can identify three reagents that would form insoluble products with the sulfate ion: barium chloride (BaCl2), lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)₂), and calcium chloride (CaCl2). They would form barium sulfate (BaSO4), lead(II) sulfate (PbSO4), and calcium sulfate (CaSO4) precipitates, respectively.
04

Write the net ionic equations

For each of the reactions with sulfate ion, we can write the net ionic equations as follows: 1. Barium chloride and sulfate ion: \(Ba^{2+} + SO_4^{2-} \rightarrow BaSO_4\) 2. Lead nitrate and sulfate ion: \(Pb^{2+} + SO_4^{2-} \rightarrow PbSO_4\) 3. Calcium chloride and sulfate ion: \(Ca^{2+} + SO_4^{2-} \rightarrow CaSO_4\) **(c) Calcium ion (Ca²+)**
05

Identify insoluble reagents with calcium ion

Using the general solubility rules, we can identify three reagents that would form insoluble products with the calcium ion: sulfate ion (SO4²-), phosphate ion (PO4³-), and oxalate ion (C2O4²-). They would form calcium sulfate (CaSO4), calcium phosphate (Ca₃(PO₄)₂), and calcium oxalate (CaC2O4) precipitates, respectively.
06

Write the net ionic equations

For each of the reactions with the calcium ion, we can write the net ionic equations as follows: 1. Calcium ion and sulfate ion: \(Ca^{2+} + SO_4^{2-} \rightarrow CaSO_4\) 2. Calcium ion and phosphate ion: \(3Ca^{2+} + 2PO_4^{3-} \rightarrow Ca_3(PO_4)_2\) 3. Calcium ion and oxalate ion: \(Ca^{2+} + C_2O_4^{2-} \rightarrow CaC_2O_4\) **(d) Mercury(I) ion (Hg2²+)**
07

Identify insoluble reagents with mercury(I) ion

Using the general solubility rules, we can identify three reagents that would form insoluble products with the mercury(I) ion: chloride ion (Cl-), bromide ion (Br-), and iodide ion (I-). They would form mercury(I) chloride (Hg2Cl2), mercury(I) bromide (Hg2Br2), and mercury(I) iodide (Hg2I2) precipitates, respectively.
08

Write the net ionic equations

For each of the reactions with the mercury(I) ion, we can write the net ionic equations as follows: 1. Mercury(I) ion and chloride ion: \(Hg_2^{2+} + 2Cl^- \rightarrow Hg_2Cl_2\) 2. Mercury(I) ion and bromide ion: \(Hg_2^{2+} + 2Br^- \rightarrow Hg_2Br_2\) 3. Mercury(I) ion and iodide ion: \(Hg_2^{2+} + 2I^- \rightarrow Hg_2I_2\) **(e) Iron(III) ion (Fe³+)**
09

Identify insoluble reagents with iron(III) ion

Using the general solubility rules, we can identify three reagents that would form insoluble products with the iron(III) ion: hydroxide ion (OH-), phosphate ion (PO4³-), and sulfide ion (S²-). They would form iron(III) hydroxide (Fe(OH)3), iron(III) phosphate (FePO4), and iron(III) sulfide (Fe2S3) precipitates, respectively.
10

Write the net ionic equations

For each of the reactions with the iron(III) ion, we can write the net ionic equations as follows: 1. Iron(III) ion and hydroxide ion: \(Fe^{3+} + 3OH^- \rightarrow Fe(OH)_3\) 2. Iron(III) ion and phosphate ion: \(Fe^{3+} + PO_4^{3-} \rightarrow FePO_4\) 3. Iron(III) ion and sulfide ion: \(2Fe^{3+} + 3S^{2-} \rightarrow Fe_2S_3\) **(f) Silver ion (Ag+)**
11

Identify insoluble reagents with silver ion

Using the general solubility rules, we can identify three reagents that would form insoluble products with the silver ion: chloride ion (Cl-), bromide ion (Br-), and iodide ion (I-). They would form silver chloride (AgCl), silver bromide (AgBr), and silver iodide (AgI) precipitates, respectively.
12

Write the net ionic equations

For each of the reactions with the silver ion, we can write the net ionic equations as follows: 1. Silver ion and chloride ion: \(Ag^+ + Cl^- \rightarrow AgCl\) 2. Silver ion and bromide ion: \(Ag^+ + Br^- \rightarrow AgBr\) 3. Silver ion and iodide ion: \(Ag^+ + I^- \rightarrow AgI\)

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