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Chapter 9: Problem 34

Iodine, like most substances, exhibits only three phases: solid, liquid, and vapor. The triple point of iodine is at 90 torr and \(115^{\circ} \mathrm{C} .\) Which of the following statements concerning liquid \(\mathrm{I}_{2}\) must be true? Explain your answer. a. \(\mathrm{I}_{2}(l)\) is more dense than \(\mathrm{I}_{2}(g).\) b. \(\mathrm{I}_{2}(l)\) cannot exist above \(115^{\circ} \mathrm{C}.\) c. \(\mathrm{I}_{2}(l)\) cannot exist at 1 atmosphere pressure. d. \(\mathrm{I}_{2}(l)\) cannot have a vapor pressure greater than 90 torr. e. \(\mathrm{I}_{2}(l)\) cannot exist at a pressure of 10 torr.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The correct statements are: a. I₂(l) is more dense than I₂(g), because the density of a substance in the liquid phase is usually higher than in the gas phase. c. I₂(l) cannot exist at 1 atmosphere pressure, as the pressure needed for liquid iodine to exist is 90 torr (approximately 0.118 atmosphere), which is lower than 1 atmosphere. d. I₂(l) cannot have a vapor pressure greater than 90 torr, since 90 torr is the maximum vapor pressure at the triple point. e. I₂(l) cannot exist at a pressure of 10 torr, as the pressure needed for liquid iodine to exist is 90 torr (about 0.118 atmosphere), which is higher than 10 torr.

Step by step solution

01

Answer: a. I2(l) is more dense than I2(g).

Usually, the density of a substance in the liquid phase is higher than in the gas phase, as the molecules/atoms are closer together. So, I₂ in the liquid state will most certainly be more dense than in the gaseous state.
02

Answer: b. I2(l) cannot exist above \(115^{\circ} \mathrm{C}.\)

This statement is not necessarily true. At the triple point (\(115^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and 90 torr), all three phases of iodine coexist. However, at temperatures above \(115^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and different pressures, liquid iodine could still exist, depending on the specific temperature and pressure conditions.
03

Answer: c. I2(l) cannot exist at 1 atmosphere pressure.

This statement is true. At the triple point, the pressure needed for liquid iodine to exist is 90 torr (approximately 0.118 atmosphere). Therefore, if the pressure is 1 atmosphere, it is beyond the conditions needed for liquid iodine. As a result, I₂ in liquid form cannot exist at 1 atmosphere pressure.
04

Answer: d. I2(l) cannot have a vapor pressure greater than 90 torr.

This statement is true. The triple point corresponds to 90 torr, which is the maximum vapor pressure that iodine can have while still being in the liquid phase. If the vapor pressure is greater than 90 torr, iodine cannot be in the liquid phase, as it has already turned into a gas.
05

Answer: e. I2(l) cannot exist at a pressure of 10 torr.

This statement is also true. At the triple point, the pressure needed for liquid iodine to exist is 90 torr (about 0.118 atmosphere). If the pressure is only 10 torr (about 0.0132 atmosphere), it is below the conditions needed for liquid iodine. As a result, I₂ in liquid form cannot exist at a pressure of 10 torr.

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