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Chapter 9: Problem 81

What type of solid will each of the following substances form? a. \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) b. \(\mathrm{SiO}_{2}\) c. \(\mathrm{Si}\) d. \(\mathrm{CH}_{4}\) e. \(\mathbf{R} \mathbf{u}\) f. \(\mathrm{I}_{2}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
a. CO₂ forms a molecular solid due to weak van der Waals forces between its linear nonpolar molecules. b. SiO₂ forms a covalent solid due to its three-dimensional network structure of tetrahedrally arranged silicon atoms bonded to oxygen atoms. c. Si forms a covalent solid due to its crystal lattice structure with tetrahedrally arranged covalently bonded silicon atoms. d. CH₄ forms a molecular solid due to weak van der Waals forces between its tetrahedral, nonpolar methane molecules. e. Ru forms a metallic solid due to its lattice structure of positively charged atoms with free electrons. f. I₂ forms a molecular solid due to van der Waals forces holding together its diatomic iodine molecules.

Step by step solution

01

a. CO₂

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a linear, nonpolar molecule consisting of two covalent double bonds between the carbon atom and each of the two oxygen atoms. These molecules will form a molecular solid in which weak van der Waals forces hold the individual CO₂ molecules together.
02

b. SiO₂

Silicon dioxide (SiO₂), also known as silica, has a three-dimensional network structure in which each silicon atom is covalently bonded to four oxygen atoms in a tetrahedral arrangement. This extensive covalent network results in SiO₂ forming a covalent solid.
03

c. Si

Silicon (Si) is a non-metal, but it has metallic properties due to its crystal structure and its position in the periodic table. Silicon atoms form a crystal lattice with each atom covalently bonded to four neighbouring silicon atoms in a tetrahedral arrangement. So, silicon forms a covalent solid.
04

d. CH₄

Methane (CH₄) is a tetrahedral, nonpolar molecule, with covalent single bonds between the carbon atom and each of the four hydrogen atoms. Similar to CO₂, these molecules will form a molecular solid in which weak van der Waals forces hold the individual CH₄ molecules together.
05

e. Ru

Ruthenium (Ru) is a metal element under the platinum group of elements in the periodic table. As a metal, Ru consists of a lattice of positively charged atoms immersed in a sea of free electrons, which allows them to conduct electricity and contribute to metallic bonding. Ruthenium forms a metallic solid.
06

f. I₂

Elemental iodine (I₂) exists as diatomic molecules joined together by a single covalent bond between two iodine atoms. These I₂ molecules interact with each other through van der Waals forces, forming a molecular solid.

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