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Chapter 16: Q16.10 P (page 728)

For the reaction , sketch two curves on the same set of axes that show (a) The formation of product as a function of time(b) The consumption of reactant as a function of time

Short Answer

Expert verified

The answer is,

Step by step solution

01

Rate of a reaction

The rate of a reaction can be defined as the speed with the reaction takes place or the change of concentration of the substance with time. The concentration of reactant decreases with time and the concentration of product increases with time.

02

Subpart (a)

The curve showing the formation of product as a function of time is shown below.

The concentration of product increases with time for all reactions which is evident from the graph.

03

Subpart (b)

The curve showing the consumption of product as a function of time is shown below.

The concentration of reactant decreases with time for all reactions which is evident from the graph.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Assume water boils at 1000C in Houston (near sea level), and at 900C in Cripple Creek, Colorado (near 9500 ft). If it takes 4.8 min to cook an egg in Cripple Creek and 4.5 min in Houston, what isEa for this process?

Chlorine is commonly used to disinfect drinking water, and the inactivation of pathogens by chlorine follows first-order kinetics. The following data show E. coli inactivation:

Contact time (min)

Percent (%) inactivation

0.00

0.0

0.50

68.3

1.00

90.0

1.50

96.8

2.00

99.0

2.50

99.7

3.00

99.9

(a) Determine the first-order inactivation constant, k. [Hint: % inactivation

=100×(1-AtA0)

(b) How much contact time is required for 95% inactivation?

Iodide ion reacts with chloromethane to displace chloride ion in a common organic substitution reaction:

I-+CH3CI→CH3I+CI-

(a) Draw a wedge-bond structure of chloroform and indicate the most effective direction of I-attack.

(b) The analogous reaction with 2-chlorobutane [Figure P16.107(b)] results in a major change in specific rotation as measured by polarimetry. Explain, showing a wedge-bond structure of the product.

(c) Under different conditions, 2-chlorobutane loses CI-in a rate-determining step to form a planar intermediate [Figure P16.107(c)]. This cationic species reacts with HI and then loses H to form a product that exhibits no optical activity. Explain, showing a wedge-bond structure.

The decomposition of NOBr is studied manometrically because the number of moles of gas changes; it cannot be studied colorimetrically because both NOBr and Br2 are reddish-brown:

2NOBr(g)→2NO(g)+Br2(g)

Use the data below to answer the following:

(a) Determine the average rate over the entire experiment.

(b) Determine the average rate between 2.00 and 4.00 s.

(c) Use graphical methods to estimate the initial reaction rate.

(d) Use graphical methods to estimate the rate at 7.00 s.

(e) At what time does the instantaneous rate equal the average rate over the entire experiment?

Time (s)

[NOBr] (mol/L)

0.00

0.0100

2.00

0.0071

4.00

0.0055

6.00

0.0045

8.00

0.0038

10.00

0.0033

The formation of ammonia is one of the most important processes in the chemical industry:

N2(g)+3H2(g)→2NH3(g)


Express the rate in terms of changes in[N2], [H2], and[NH3].
See all solutions

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