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Chapter 16: Q16.21 P (page 729)

The formation of ammonia is one of the most important processes in the chemical industry:

N2(g)+3H2(g)→2NH3(g)


Express the rate in terms of changes in[N2], [H2], and[NH3].

Short Answer

Expert verified

The rate of reaction can be expressed as the disappearance of the reactant or the emergence of the product as

Reactionrate=-∆N2∆t=-13∆H2∆t=12∆NH3∆t

Step by step solution

01

Why is industrial ammonia production so important?

Ammonia is used to cleanse water and as a component in the production of a wide range of goods, including plastics, explosives, textiles, insecticides, and colours.

Ammonia production is critical for the global agricultural business since it is used to make all nitrogen fertilisers.

02

The rate in terms of changes in [N2], data-custom-editor="chemistry" [H2], and data-custom-editor="chemistry" [NH3]

The rate of reaction can be represented in terms of reactant disappearance or product appearance as follows:

Reactionrate=-∆N2∆t=-13∆H2∆t=12∆NH3∆t

The inverse of the fraction provides the molecules' stoichiometric coefficients

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Consider the following organic reaction, in which one halogen replaces another in an alkyl halide:

CH3CH2Br+Kl→CH3CH2l+KBr

In acetone, this particular reaction goes to completion because KI is soluble in acetone but KBr is not. In the mechanism, I approach the carbon opposite to the Br (see Figure 16.19, withl-

instead of OH- ). After Br- has been replaced by l-and precipitates as KBr, other I ions react with the ethyl iodide by the same mechanism.

(a) If we designate the carbon bonded to the halogen as C-1, what are the shapes around C-1 and the hybridization of C-1 in ethyl iodide?

(b) In the transition state, one of the two lobes of the unhybridized 2p orbital of C-1 overlaps a p orbital of I, while the other lobe overlaps a p orbital of Br. What are the shape around C-1 and the hybridization of C-1 in the transition state?

(c) The deuterated reactant, CH3CHDBr(where D is deuterium, 2 H), has two optical isomers because C-1 is chiral. If the reaction is run with one of the isomers, the ethyl iodide is not optically active. Explain

Nitrification is a biological process for removing NH3from wastewater as NH4+:

NH4++2O2→NO3-+2H++H2O

The first-order rate constant is given as

K1=0.47e0.095(T°C-15°C)

WhereK1 is inday-1 and T is in°C

  1. If the initial concentrationNH3is 3.0mol/m3, how long will it take to reduce the concentration to 0.35mol/m3in the spring (T =20°C)?
  2. In the winter (T = 10°C)?
  3. Using your answer to part (a), what is the rate ofO2 consumption?

A gas reacts with a solid presence in large chunks. Then the reaction is run again with the solid pulverized. How does the increase in the surface area of the solid affect the rate of its reaction with the gas? Explain.

Reaction rate is expressed in terms of changes in the concentration of reactants and products. Write a balanced equation forRate=-12∆N2O5∆t=14∆NO2∆t=∆O2∆t

Express the rate of reaction in terms of the change in concentration of each of the reactants and products:

2D(g)+3E(g)+F(g)→2G(g)+H(g)

When [D] is decreasing at 0.1 mol/L.s, how fast is [H] increasing?
See all solutions

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