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Chapter 9: Q9.86CP (page 376)

Which of the bonds in Problem 9.84 is the most polar?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The N-S bond is the most polar bond.

Step by step solution

01

Bond polarity

Polarity of a bond increases as the electronegativity difference between the atoms increases

The electronegativity difference in N-S bond is(3.1-2.4)=0.7

The electronegativity difference in Si - I bond is(2.2−1.8)=0.4

The electronegativity difference in N- Br bond is(3.1−2.8)=0.3

The electronegativity difference in C – Cl bond is(2.9−2.5)=0.4

02

Most polar bond

The electronegativity difference in N-S bond is maximum among the four at = (3.1-2.4) = 0.7

The N-S bond is most polar.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Which is the more polar bond in each of the following pairs from Problem 9.61: (a) or (b); (c) or (d); (e) or (f)?

In the developing concept of electronegativity, Pauling used the term excess bond energy for the difference between the actual bond energy X-Y and the average bond energies of X-X and Y-Y (see text discussion for the case of HF). Based on the values in figure 9.20, p. 364, which of the following substances contains bonds with no excess bond energy?

(a)PH3 (b)CS2 (c)BrCl (d) BH3 (e) Se8

Heats of reaction calculated from bond energies and from heats of formation are often, but not always, close to each other.

a) Industrial ethanol (CH3CH2OH ) is produce by a catalytic reaction of ethylene (H2C=CH2 ) with water at high pressure and temperatures. CalculateΔHorx for this gas-phase hydration of ethylene to ethanol, using bond energies and then using heats of formation.

b) ethylene glycol is produced by the catalytic oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide, which then reacts with water to form ethylene glycol:

The ΔHorx for this hydrolysis step, based on heat of formation, is -97kJ/mol. Calculate ΔHorx for the hydrolysis using bond energies.

c) why are two values relatively close for the hydration in part (a) but not close for the hydrolysis in part(b).

Briefly account for the following relative values:

(a) The melting points of Na and K are 89oCand 63oC , respectively.

(b) The melting points of Li and Be are 180oC and 1287oC , respectively.

(c) Li boils more than 1100oChigher than it melts.

Is the H-O bond in water nonpolar covalent, polar-covalent, or ionic? Define each term, and explain your choice.
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