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Chapter 22: Q22.2P (page 1017)

Metallic elements can be recovered from ores that are oxides, carbonates, halides, or sulphides. Give an example of each type.

Short Answer

Expert verified
  • Oxides- hematite, magnetite, corundum, limonite
  • Carbonates- calcite, siderite, magnesite, dolomite
  • Halides- cryolite, fluorite, halite
  • Sulphides- pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, covellite

Step by step solution

01

Ore

Ore is the compound of a metal from which the metal can be extracted with low expenditure.

02

Explanation

Oxides

The oxide anion, O2-is found in oxide ores.

For instance:

hematite-Fe2O3

magnetite-Fe3O4

corundum-Al2O3

limonite-2Fe2O3.3H2O

Carbonates

Carbonate ore contains a carbonate anion, CO32-

For instance:

Calcite-CaCO3

Siderite-FeCO3

Magnesite-MgCO3

Dolomite-(Ca,Mg)CO3

Halides

Halides ore contains anions of halogen atoms, such as fluorides localid="1663826465815" F-, chloridesCl-, bromides Br-or I-.

For instance:

Cryolite-Na3ALF6

Fluorite-CaF6

Halite-NaCl

Sulfides

The sulphides anion, S2-, is found in sulphide ores.

For instance:

Pyrite- FeS

Chalcopyrite- CuFeS2

Sphalerite-ZnS

Covellite-CuS

CaF6

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The production of H2 gas by the electrolysis of water typically requires about400 kJ of energy per mole.

(a) Use the relationship between work and cell potential(Section 21.4) to calculate the minimum work needed to form1.0 mol ofH2 gas at a cell potential of1.24 V.

(b) What is the energy efficiency of the cell operation?

(c) Find the cost of producing 500. mol ofH2 if electricity is$0.06perkilowatt·hour(1 watt·second = 1 joule).

Question: Chemosynthetic bacteria reduce CO2by “splitting”H2S(g)instead of the H2O(g)used by photosynthetic organisms. Compare the free energy change for splitting H2Swith that for splittingH2O . Is there an advantage to using H2Sinstead ofH2O?

Question: In 1790, Nicolas Leblanc found a way to form from . His process, now obsolete, consisted of three steps obsolete, consisted of three steps:

2NaCl(s)+H2SO4(aq)→Na2SO4(aq)+2HCl(g)Na2SO4(aq)+2C(s)→Na2S(aq)+2CO2(g)Na2S(aq)+CaCO3(s)→Na2CO3(s)+CaS(s)

  1. Write a balanced overall equation for the process.
  2. Calculate the H0of CaSif Hrxn∘is351.8kJ/mol
  3. Is the overall process spontaneous at standard-state conditions and298K?
  4. How many grams ofNa2CO3form 250gofNaClif the process is 73% efficient?

The last step in the Dow process for the production of magnesium metal involves electrolysis of molten MgCl2.

(a) Why isn't the electrolysis carried out with aqueous MgCl2? What are the products of this aqueous electrolysis?

(b) Do the high temperatures required to melt MgCl2 favor products or reactants? (Hint: Consider the ΔHf0 ofMgCl2.)

Describe two ways in which the biosphere has influenced the composition of Earth’s crust.
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