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Chapter 13: Q13-111P (page 549)

What is Brownian motion, and what causes it?

Short Answer

Expert verified

Brownian motion is random movement of particles in liquid or gas.

The collides of particles with surrounding molecules cause Brownian motion.

Step by step solution

01

Brownian motion

Brownian motion refers to the random movement displayed by small particles that are suspended in fluids. Brownian movement is the term that best describes it. In general Brownian motion is the random movement of particles in a liquid or gas. Even in the absence of any outside causes, this movement takes place.

02

Causes of Brownian motion

When particles strike nearby molecules, Brownian motion happens, causing the molecules to move erratically. When a concentration gradient causes the movement of particles, this is known as an induced diffusion of particles.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Is the sodium salt of propanoic acid as effective as soap as sodium stearate? Explain.

What is the strongest type of intermolecular force between solute and solvent in each solution?

$C_{6} H_{14} (l) {inC}_{8} H_{18} (l)$
$H_{2} C = O (g) {inCH}_{3} OH (l)$
${Br}_{2} {inCCl}_{4} (l)$

Potassium permanganate ( ${KMnO}_{4}$ ) has a solubility of 6.4 g/100 g of $H_{2} O$ at $20^{o} C$ and a curve of solubility vs. temperature that slopes upward to the right. How would you prepare a supersaturated solution of ${KMnO}_{4}$ ?

Calculate the molality and van’t Hoff factor (i) for the following aqueous solutions:

(a) 1.00 mass % NaCl, freezing point -0.593^oc

(b) 0.500 mass % CH₃COOH, freezing point -0.159^oc

How would you prepare the following aqueous solutions?

(a) 57.5 mL of $1.53 \times 10^{- 3} M$ $Cr {({NO}_{3})}_{3}$ from solid $Cr {({NO}_{3})}_{3}$ .

(b) $5.8 \times 10^{3} m^{3}$ of 1.45 M ${NH}_{4} {NO}_{3}$ from 2.50 M ${NH}_{4} {NO}_{3}$ .

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