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Chapter 10: Q10.42P (page 407)

Determine the shape around each central atom in each molecule, and explain any deviation from ideal bond angles: (a) CH3OH (b) N2O4(O2NNO2)

Short Answer

Expert verified

The shapes and bond angles of molecules can be determined from the VSEPR theory. The deviations arise mainly due to lone pair-lone pair repulsions.

Step by step solution

01

Methanol

The methyl carbon atom is sp3 hybridised with a bond angle of 109.5°.

The oxygen of the OH group issp3 hybridised with an expected bondangle of109.5° ,but the lone pairs on oxygen decrease the bond angle from 109.5°. The shape around the oxygen atom is Bent or V-Shaped.

02

Step 2:Dinitrogen tetraoxide

The nitrogen atoms are sp2 hybridized and the geometry around the nitrogen atoms is planar. The expected bond angles are120° each. Since no lone pairs are present on the nitrogen atom, the bond angle is as expected.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Draw a Lewis structure for

(a)PH4+ ;

(b)C2F4;

(c) SbH3.

In which of these bonding patterns does X obey the octet rule?

Ethanol ( CH3CH2OH ) is being used as a gasoline additive or alternative in many parts of the world.

  1. Use bond energies to find role="math" localid="1658829887119" ΔH°rxnfor the combustion of gaseous ethanol. (Assumerole="math" localid="1658829903069" H2O forms as a gas.)
  2. In its standard state at25°C , ethanol is a liquid. Its vaporization requires 40.5 kJ/mol. Correct the value from part (a) to find the heat of reaction for the combustion of liquid ethanol.
  3. How does the value from part (b) compare with the value you calculate from standard heats of formation (Appendix B)?
  4. “Greener” methods produce ethanol from corn and other plant material, but the main industrial method involves hydrating ethylene from petroleum. Use Lewis structures and bond energies to calculateΔH°rxn for the formation of gaseous ethanol from ethylene gas with water vapor.

Determine the shape, ideal bond angle(s), and the direction of any deviation from those angles for each of the following:

(a)ClO3-

(b)IF4-

(c)SeOF2

(d) TeF5-

Determine the shape around each central atom in each molecule, and explain any deviation from ideal bond angles: (a)H2SO3 (no H-S bond) (b) N2O3(ONNO2)

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