Chapter 23: 97P (page 1022)

Which of these ions cannot form both high- spin and low-spin octahedral complexes: (a) ${Mn}^{3 +};$ (b) ${Nb}^{3 +};$ (c)^{${Ru}^{3 +};$}(d)role="math" localid="1663323480799" ${Ni}^{2 +}$

Short Answer

Expert verified

Nb3+ and Ni2+ cannot form both high-spin and low-spin complexes.

Step by step solution

Unpaired electrons

High-spin and low spin octahedral complexes are possible to form only when the number of d electrons is 4, 5, 6 or 7. The metal ions with 1, 2 or 3 d electrons always form high-spin complexes because of no need for pairing up electrons. The metal ions with 8 or 9 d electrons will always form high-spin complexes because low energy d orbitals are filled with 6 electrons and higher energy d orbitals will have one or two unpaired electrons $d^{8}$ or $d^{9} .$

Electronic configuration

Electron configuration of $M n^{3 +} : 1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6} 3 s^{2} 3 p^{6} 3 d^{4};$ so, the $M n^{3 +}$ metal ion can form both high-spin and low-spin octahedral complexes, because it has 4d electrons.

Electron configurationof $N b^{3 +} : 1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6} 3 s^{2} 3 p^{6} 3 d^{10} 4 s^{2} 4 p^{6} 4 d^{2}$ so, the ${Nb}^{3 +}$ metal ion can form only high-spin octahedral complexes, because it has 2d electrons.

Electron configuration of $R u^{3 +} : 1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6} 3 s^{2} 3 p^{6} 3 d^{10} 4 s^{2} 4 p^{6} 4 d^{5}$ so, the $R u^{3 +}$ metal ion can form both high-spin and low-spin octahedral complexes, because it has 5d electrons.

Electron configuration of ${Ni}^{2 +} : 1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6} 3 s^{2} 3 p^{6} 3 d^{8}$ so, the ${Ni}^{2 +}$ metal ion can form only high-spin octahedral complexes, because it has 8 d electrons.

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Which of these ions cannot form both high- spin and low-spin octahedral complexes: (a) ${Mn}^{3 +};$ (b) ${Nb}^{3 +};$ (c)^{${Ru}^{3 +};$}(d)role="math" localid="1663323480799" ${Ni}^{2 +}$

Short Answer

Step by step solution

Unpaired electrons

Electronic configuration

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Which of these ions cannot form both high- spin and low-spin octahedral complexes: (a) Mn3+;(b)Nb3+;(c)Ru3+;(d)role="math" localid="1663323480799" Ni2+

Short Answer

Step by step solution

Unpaired electrons

Electronic configuration

One App. One Place for Learning.

Most popular questions from this chapter

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Making Measurements

Chemical Analysis

Ionic and Molecular Compounds

Chemical Reactions

Organic Chemistry

Inorganic Chemistry

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.

Which of these ions cannot form both high- spin and low-spin octahedral complexes: (a) ${Mn}^{3 +};$ (b) ${Nb}^{3 +};$ (c)^{${Ru}^{3 +};$}(d)role="math" localid="1663323480799" ${Ni}^{2 +}$