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Chapter 23: Q81P (page 1022)

According to valence bond theory, what set of orbitals is used by a Period 4 metal ion in forming

(a) a square planar complex

(b) a tetrahedral complex

Short Answer

Expert verified

Following are the sets of orbitals used to a period 4 metal ion to form a square planar complex and a tetrahedral complex

a) One 3d, one 4s and two 4p orbitals mix

b) Two 3d, one 4s and three 4p orbitals mix

Step by step solution

01

Following metal ion orientation has to be formed

(a) a square planar complex

(b) a tetrahedral complex

02

Valence bond theory will be used here

Valence bond theory explains us that the ligand's orbital that is filled overlaps with the empty orbital of the metal ion; ligands donate their electron pairs, metal ion accepts them and the coordination covalent bond is formed.

03

The number of orbitals in each case will be as follows:

  1. When the Period 4 metal ion is forming a square planar complex, one 3d, one 4s and two 4p orbitals overlap to form four sp2d hybrid orbitals.

example:[Ni(CN)4]2-

(b) When the Period 4 metal ion is forming octahedral complex, two 4d, one 4s and three 4p orbitals overlap to form six sp2d hybrid orbitals.

example:CrNH363+

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Give the electron configuration of (a) La; (b) Ce3+ (c) Es; (d) U4+.

What are the coordination number of the metal ion and the number of individual ions per formula unit in each of the compounds in Problem 23.63?

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