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Chapter 4: 4.8 P (page 178)
Why are some covalent compounds soluble in water and others are not?
The covalent compounds which do not contain any polar bonds are insoluble in water. Covalent compounds which contain polar bonds are soluble in water.
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In a titration of HNO3, you add a few drops of phenolphthalein indicator to 50.00 mL of acid in a flask. You quickly add 20.00 mL of 0.0502 MNaOH but overshoot the end point, and the solution turns deep pink. Instead of starting over, you add 30.00 mL of the acid, and the solution turns colorless. Then, it takes 3.22 mL of the NaOH to reach the end point. (a) What is the concentration of the HNO3solution? (b) How many moles of NaOH were in excess after the first addition?
Identify the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent in the following reaction, and explain your answer:
Sodium hydroxide is used extensively in acid-base titrations because it is a strong, inexpensive base. A sodium hydroxide solution was standardized by titrating 25.00 mL of 0.1528 M standard hydrochloric acid. The initial buret reading of the sodium hydroxide was 2.24 mL, and the final reading was 39.21 mL. What was the molarity of the base solution?
A student forgets to weigh a mixture of sodium bromide dehydrate and magnesium bromide hexahydrate. Upon strong heating, the sample loses 252.1 mg of water. The mixture of anhydrous salts reacts with excess AgNO3 solution to form 6.00x10-3 mol of solid AgBr. Find the mass % of each compound in the original mixture.
Question: In 1997, at the United Nations Conference on Climate Change, the major industrial nations agreed to expand their research efforts to develop renewable sources of carbon-based fuels. For more than a decade, Brazil has been engaged in a program to replace gasoline with ethanol derived from the root crop manioc (cassava).
(a) Write separate balanced equations for the complete combustion of ethanol (C2H5OH) and of gasoline (represented by the formula C8H18).
(b) What mass of oxygen is required to burn completely 1.00 L of a mixture that is 90.0% gasoline (d =0.742 g/mL) and 10.0% ethanol (d= 0.789 g/mL) by volume?
(c) If 1.00 mol of O2 occupies 22.4 L, what volume of O2 is needed to burn 1.00 L of the mixture?
(d) Air is 20.9% O2 by volume. What volume of air is needed to burn 1.00 L of the mixture?
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