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Chapter 14: Q14.3-48 E (page 830)

Are the concentrations of hydronium ion and hydroxide ion in a solution of an acid or a base in water directly proportional or inversely proportional? Explain your answer.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The concentrations of hydronium ion and hydroxide ion are inversely proportional in a water solution of an acid or a base.

Step by step solution

01

Ionization Constant

The ionization constant of water is defined by its name—it is constant at the given temperature.

02

Explanation

  • The ionization constant of water is \( > {K_w} = c\left( {{H_3}{O^ + }} \right)c\left( {O{H^ - }} \right).\)
  • The definition of ionization constant implies that no matter whether a solution is an acid or a base, the products of the concentrations of hydronium ion and hydroxide ion will remain the same.
  • Therefore, if the concentration of a hydronium ion rises, the concentration of a hydroxide ion will fall, and vice versa.
  • Hence, they are inversely proportional.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Question: Show by suitable net ionic equations that each of the following species can act as a Bronsted-Lowry acid: (a) \(HN{O_3}\) (b) \(PH_4^ + \) (c) \({H_2}S\) (d) \(C{H_3}C{H_2}COOH\) (e) \({H_2}PO_4^ - \) (f) \(H{S^ - }\)

Question: Write equations that show \({H_2}PO_4^ - \) acting both as an acid and as a base.

14.2 What is the hydronium ion concentration in an aqueous solution with a hydroxide ion concentration of 0.001 M at 25̊C?

State which of the following species are amphiprotic and write chemical equations illustrating the amphiprotic character of these species.

\({\rm{\;(a)\;N}}{{\rm{H}}_3}\)

\({\rm{\;(b)\;HPO}}_4^ - \)

\({\rm{\;(c)\;B}}{{\rm{r}}^ - }\).

\({\rm{\;(d)\;N}}{{\rm{H}}_4} + \)

\({\rm{\;(e)\;ASO}}_4^{3 - }\).

Explain why a sample of pure water at \({40^ \circ }{\rm{C}}\) is neutral even though \(\left( {{{\rm{H}}_3}{{\rm{O}}^ + }} \right) = 1.7 \times {10^{ - 7}}M.\) \({K_{\rm{w}}}{\rm{\;is\;}}2.9 \times \)\({10^{ - 14}}{\rm{\;at\;}}{40^ \circ }{\rm{C}}.\)
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