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Chapter 8: Q3 CYL (page 424)

Acetic acid, H3CC(O)OH, is the molecule that gives vinegar its odor and sour taste. What is the hybridization of the two carbon atoms in acetic acid?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The sp3d hybridization of H3C and sp2 of C(O)OH.

Step by step solution

01

Define hybridization

Hybridization is a concept in organic chemistry that is used to explain chemical bonding when the valence bond theory fails to provide an adequate explanation. This hypothesis is particularly useful for explaining organic molecules' covalent bonding.

02

Explanation

The hybridization in H3C is sp3 and C(O)OH is sp2.


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Most popular questions from this chapter

Explain why bonds occur at specific average bond distances instead of the atoms approaching each other infinitely close.

What is the hybridization of the selenium atom in SeF4?

Identify the hybridization of each carbon atom in the following molecule. (The arrangement of atoms is given; you need to determine how many bonds connect each pair of atoms.)

Strike-anywhere matches contain a layer of \({\rm{KCl}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{3}}}\) and a layer of \({{\rm{P}}_{\rm{4}}}{{\rm{S}}_{\rm{3}}}\). The heat produced by the friction of striking the match causes these two compounds to react vigorously, which sets fire to the wooden stem of the match. \({\rm{KCl}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{3}}}\) contains the \({\rm{Cl}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{3}}}^{\rm{ - }}\) ion. \({{\rm{P}}_{\rm{4}}}{{\rm{S}}_{\rm{3}}}\) is an unusual molecule with the skeletal structure.

  1. Write Lewis structures for \({{\rm{P}}_{\rm{4}}}{{\rm{S}}_{\rm{3}}}\) and the \({\rm{Cl}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{3}}}^{\rm{ - }}\) ion.
  2. Describe the geometry about the \({\rm{P}}\) atoms, the \({\rm{S}}\) atom, and the \({\rm{Cl}}\) atom in these species.
  3. Assign a hybridization to the \({\rm{P}}\) atoms, the \({\rm{S}}\)atom, and the \({\rm{Cl}}\) atom in these species.
  4. Determine the oxidation states and formal charge of the atoms in \({{\rm{P}}_{\rm{4}}}{{\rm{S}}_{\rm{3}}}\) and the \({\rm{Cl}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{3}}}^{\rm{ - }}\) ion.

In addition to \({\rm{N}}{{\rm{F}}_{\rm{3}}}\), two other fluoro derivatives of nitrogen are known: \({{\rm{N}}_{\rm{2}}}{{\rm{F}}_{\rm{4}}}\) and \({{\rm{N}}_{\rm{2}}}{{\rm{F}}_{\rm{2}}}\). What shapes do you predict for these two molecules? What is the hybridization for the nitrogen in each molecule?
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