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Chapter 8: Q6 E (page 446)

How many \({\rm{\sigma }}\)and \({\rm{\pi }}\)bonds are present in the molecule HCN?

Short Answer

Expert verified

Two \({\rm{\sigma }}\) bonds and two \({\rm{\pi }}\) bonds make up HCN.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of Concept

The sigma bond is formed when two half-filled atomic orbitals involved in the formation of a molecular orbital overlap along the internuclear axis.

The bond formed is known as a pi-bond when half-filled p-orbitals involved in bond formation overlap sideways.

02

How many bonds are present in the molecule HCN

The bonds are below:

\(H - C \equiv N\)

Therefore, the two\({\rm{\sigma }}\)bonds and two\({\rm{\pi }}\)bonds make up HCN.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Strike-anywhere matches contain a layer of \({\rm{KCl}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{3}}}\) and a layer of \({{\rm{P}}_{\rm{4}}}{{\rm{S}}_{\rm{3}}}\). The heat produced by the friction of striking the match causes these two compounds to react vigorously, which sets fire to the wooden stem of the match. \({\rm{KCl}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{3}}}\) contains the \({\rm{Cl}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{3}}}^{\rm{ - }}\) ion. \({{\rm{P}}_{\rm{4}}}{{\rm{S}}_{\rm{3}}}\) is an unusual molecule with the skeletal structure.

  1. Write Lewis structures for \({{\rm{P}}_{\rm{4}}}{{\rm{S}}_{\rm{3}}}\) and the \({\rm{Cl}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{3}}}^{\rm{ - }}\) ion.
  2. Describe the geometry about the \({\rm{P}}\) atoms, the \({\rm{S}}\) atom, and the \({\rm{Cl}}\) atom in these species.
  3. Assign a hybridization to the \({\rm{P}}\) atoms, the \({\rm{S}}\)atom, and the \({\rm{Cl}}\) atom in these species.
  4. Determine the oxidation states and formal charge of the atoms in \({{\rm{P}}_{\rm{4}}}{{\rm{S}}_{\rm{3}}}\) and the \({\rm{Cl}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{3}}}^{\rm{ - }}\) ion.

Acetic acid, H3CC(O)OH, is the molecule that gives vinegar its odor and sour taste. What is the hybridization of the two carbon atoms in acetic acid?

Use valence bond theory to explain the bonding in\({{\rm{F}}_2},{\rm{HF}}\), and\({\rm{ClBr}}\). Sketch the overlap of the atomic orbitals involved in the bonds.

For the carbonate ion, \({\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{3}}}^{{\rm{2 - }}}\), draw all of the resonance structures. Identify which orbitals overlap to create each bond.

A useful solvent that will dissolve salts as well as organic compounds is the compound acetonitrile, \({{\rm{H}}_{\rm{3}}}{\rm{CCN}}\). It is present in paint strippers. (a) Write the Lewis structure for acetonitrile, and indicate the direction of the dipole moment in the molecule. (b) Identify the hybrid orbitals used by the carbon atoms in the molecule to form \({\rm{\sigma }}\) bonds. (c) Describe the atomic orbitals that form the \({\rm{\pi }}\) bonds in the molecule. Note that it is not necessary to hybridize the nitrogen atom.
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