Give the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in neutral atoms of each of the following isotopes:\(\begin{aligned}{}\left( a \right){\rm{ }}{}_3^7Li{\rm{ }}\\\left( b \right){\rm{ }}{}_{52}^{125}Te{\rm{ }}\\\left( c \right){\rm{ }}{}_{47}^{109}Ag{\rm{ }}\\\left( d \right){\rm{ }}{}_7^{15}N{\rm{ }}\\\left( e \right){\rm{ }}{}_{15}^{31}P\end{aligned}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified

The number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in neutral atoms of the given isotopes are:

a. Number of protons, electrons, and neutrons are 3,3 and 4 respectively.

b. Number of protons, electrons, and neutrons are 52,52 and 73 respectively.

c. Number of protons, electrons, and neutrons are 47,47 and 62 respectively.

d. Number of protons, electrons, and neutrons are 7,7 and 8 respectively.

e. Number of protons, electrons, and neutrons are 15,15 and 16 respectively.

Step by step solution

01

Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for part (a).

Given,the neutral atom\({}_3^7Li\).

Where atomic number is 3 and mass number is7.

Number of protons = atomic number

= 3

Number of neutrons = mass number \( - \) atomic number

= 7-3

= 4

For neutral atoms, the number of electrons is equal to the atomic number.

Number of electrons = atomic number

= 3

02

Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electronsfor part (b).

Given,the neutral atom\({}_{52}^{125}Te\).

Where atomic number is 52 and mass number is 125.

Number of protons = atomic number

= 52

Number of neutrons = mass number \( - \) atomic number

=125-52

= 73

For neutral atoms, the number of electrons is equal to the atomic number.

Number of electrons = atomic number

= 52

03

Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for part (c).

Given,the neutral atom\({}_{47}^{109}Ag\).

Where atomic number is 47 and mass number is 109.

Number of protons = atomic number

= 47

Number of neutrons = mass number \( - \) atomic number

=109-47

= 62

For neutral atoms, the number of electrons is equal to the atomic number.

Number of electrons = atomic number

= 47

04

Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for part (d).

Given,the neutral atom\({}_7^{15}N\).

Where atomic number is 7 and mass number is 15.

Number of protons = atomic number

=7

Number of neutrons = mass number \( - \) atomic number

= 15-7

= 8

For neutral atoms, the number of electrons is equal to the atomic number.

Number of electrons = atomic number

=7

05

Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for part (e).

Given,the neutral atom\({}_{15}^{31}P\).

Where atomic number is 15 and mass number is 31.

Number of protons = atomic number

= 15

Number of neutrons = mass number \( - \) atomic number

= 31-15

=16

For neutral atoms, the number of electrons is equal to the atomic number.

Number of electrons = atomic number

=15

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Write the symbol for each of the following ions: (a) the ion with a \(1 + \) charge, atomic number \(55,\) and mass number \(133\)(b) the ion with \(54\) electrons, \(53\) protons, and \(74\) neutrons (c) the ion with atomic number\(15,\) mass number \(31,\) and a \(3 - \) charge (d) the ion with \(24\) electrons, \(30\) neutrons, and a \(3 + \)charge

Give the group name for each of the following elements: (a) krypton (b) selenium (c) barium (d) lithium

Predict and test the behaviour of α particles fired at a Rutherford atom model.

(a) Predict the paths taken by α particles that are fired at atoms with a Rutherford atom model structure. Explain why you expect the α particles to take these paths.

(b) If α particles of higher energy than those in (a) are fired at Rutherford atoms, predict how their paths will differ from the lower-energy α particle paths. Explain your reasoning.

(c) Predict how the paths taken by the α particles will differ if they are fired at Rutherford atoms of elements other than gold. What factor do you expect to cause this difference in paths, and why?

(d) Now test your predictions from (a), (b), and (c).

Open the Rutherford Scattering simulation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16PhetScatter) and select the “Rutherford Atom” tab. Due to the scale of the simulation, it is best to start with a small nucleus, so select “20” for both protons and neutrons, “min” for energy, show traces, and then start firing α particles. Does this match your prediction from (a)? If not, explain why the actual path would be that shown in the simulation. Pause or reset, set energy to “max,” and start firing α particles. Does this match your prediction from (b)? If not, explain the effect of increased energy on the actual path as shown in the simulation. Pause or reset, select “40” for both protons and neutrons, “min” for energy, show traces, and fire away. Does this match your prediction from (c)? If not, explain why the actual path would be that shown in the simulation. Repeat this with larger numbers of protons and neutrons. What generalization can you make regarding the type of atom and effect on the path of α particles? Be clear and specific.

In the following drawing, the green spheres represent atoms of a certain element. The purple spheres represent atoms of another element. If the spheres touch, they are part of a single unit of a compound. Does the following chemical change represented by these symbols violate any of the ideas of Dalton’s atomic Theory? If so, which one?

Using the periodic table, identify the lightest member of each of the following groups:

(a) noble gases

(b) alkaline earth metals

(c) alkali metals

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