Give the group name for each of the following elements: (a) krypton (b) selenium (c) barium (d) lithium

Short Answer

Expert verified
  1. noble gas;
  2. chalcogen;
  3. alkaline earth metal;
  4. alkali metal

Step by step solution

01

Definition of noble gas:

Any of a class of rare gases that display high stability and extremely low reaction rates, such as helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and generally radon.

02

Definition of chacogens:

Because most copper ores (Greek chalkos) are oxides or sulphides, and such ores contain quantities of selenium and tellurium, the group VIA elements are referred to as chalcogens.

03

Definition of alkaline earth metal:

The alkaline earth metals are named after its oxides, the alkaline earths, which used to be known as beryllia, magnesia, lime, strontia, and baryta. When mixed with water, these oxides become basic (alkaline).

04

definition of alkali metals:

Heat, hydrogen gas, and the equivalent metal hydroxide are produced when alkali metals react with water. The heat generated by this reaction has the potential to ignite the hydrogen or the metal itself, resulting in a fire or explosion.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In what way are isotopes of a given element always different? In what way(s) are they always the same?

For each of the following compounds, state whether it is ionic or covalent, and if it is ionic, write the symbols for the ions involved:

  1. \(KCl{O_4}\)
  2. \(Mg{\left( {{C_2}{H_3}{O_2}} \right)_2}\)
  3. \({H_2}S\)
  4. \(A{g_2}S\)
  5. \({N_2}C{l_4}\)
  6. \(Co{\left( {N{O_3}} \right)_2}\)

Predict and test the behaviour of α particles fired at a Rutherford atom model.

(a) Predict the paths taken by α particles that are fired at atoms with a Rutherford atom model structure. Explain why you expect the α particles to take these paths.

(b) If α particles of higher energy than those in (a) are fired at Rutherford atoms, predict how their paths will differ from the lower-energy α particle paths. Explain your reasoning.

(c) Predict how the paths taken by the α particles will differ if they are fired at Rutherford atoms of elements other than gold. What factor do you expect to cause this difference in paths, and why?

(d) Now test your predictions from (a), (b), and (c).

Open the Rutherford Scattering simulation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16PhetScatter) and select the “Rutherford Atom” tab. Due to the scale of the simulation, it is best to start with a small nucleus, so select “20” for both protons and neutrons, “min” for energy, show traces, and then start firing α particles. Does this match your prediction from (a)? If not, explain why the actual path would be that shown in the simulation. Pause or reset, set energy to “max,” and start firing α particles. Does this match your prediction from (b)? If not, explain the effect of increased energy on the actual path as shown in the simulation. Pause or reset, select “40” for both protons and neutrons, “min” for energy, show traces, and fire away. Does this match your prediction from (c)? If not, explain why the actual path would be that shown in the simulation. Repeat this with larger numbers of protons and neutrons. What generalization can you make regarding the type of atom and effect on the path of α particles? Be clear and specific.

Determine the empirical formula for the following compounds:

a) caffeine, C6H10N4O2

b) fructose, C12H22O11

c) hydrogen peroxide, H2O2

d) glucose, C6H12O6

e) ascorbic acid (vitamin C), C6H8O6

Repeat Exercise 2.20 using an element that has three naturally occurring isotopes.

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