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Chapter 2: Q3 E (page 117)

Identify the postulate of Dalton’s theory that is violated by the following observations: 59.95% of one sample of titanium dioxide is titanium; 60.10% of a different sample of titanium dioxide is titanium.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Postulate 4- A compound is made up of atoms from two or more elements that are mixed in a tiny, whole-number ratio.The numbers of atoms of each of a compound's elements are always present in the same ratio.

Step by step solution

01

Dalton’s atomic theory:

Postulate 1:

Matter is made up of extremely microscopic particles known as atoms. An atom is the smallest unit of an element capable of participating in a chemical reaction.

02

Postulate 2:

An element is made up of only one sort of atom, which has a mass that is unique to the element and is shared by all atoms of that element.A macroscopic sample of an element comprises an enormous number of atoms with identical chemical characteristics.

03

Postulate 3:

Atoms of one element have properties that differ from atoms of all other elements.

04

postulate 5:

During a chemical change, atoms are not generated nor destroyed; rather, they are rearranged to produce substances that differ from those existent before the change.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In the following drawing, the green spheres represent atoms of a certain element. The purple spheres represent atoms of another element. If the spheres touch, they are part of a single unit of a compound. Does the following chemical change represented by these symbols violate any of the ideas of Dalton’s atomic Theory? If so, which one?

Predict and test the behavior of α particles fired at a “plum pudding” model atom.

(a) Predict the paths taken by α particles that are fired at atoms with a Thomson’s plum pudding model structure. Explain why you expect the α particles to take these paths.

(b) If α particles of higher energy than those in (a) are fired at plum pudding atoms, predict how their paths will differ from the lower-energy α particle paths. Explain your reasoning.

(c) Now test your predictions from (a) and (b). Open the Rutherford Scattering simulation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16PhetScatter) and select the “Plum Pudding Atom” tab. Set “Alpha Particles Energy” to “min,” and select “show traces.” Click on the gun to start firing α particles. Does this match your prediction from (a)? If not, explain why the actual path would be that shown in the simulation. Hit the pause button, or “Reset All.” Set “Alpha Particles Energy” to “max,” and start firing α particles. Does this match your prediction from (b)? If not, explain the effect of increased energy on the actual paths as shown in the simulation.

Question : Name the following compounds:

  1. NaF
  2. Rb2O
  3. BCl3
  4. H2Se
  5. P4O6
  6. ICl3

Write a symbol for each of the following neutral isotopes. Include the atomic number and mass number for each.(a) the chalcogen with a mass number of \({\bf{125}}\)(b) the halogen whose longest-lived isotope is radioactive(c) the noble gas, used in lighting, with \({\bf{10}}\) electrons and \({\bf{10}}\) neutrons(d) the lightest alkali metal with three neutrons

Write the symbol for each of the following ions: (a) the ion with a \(1 + \) charge, atomic number \(55,\) and mass number \(133\)(b) the ion with \(54\) electrons, \(53\) protons, and \(74\) neutrons (c) the ion with atomic number\(15,\) mass number \(31,\) and a \(3 - \) charge (d) the ion with \(24\) electrons, \(30\) neutrons, and a \(3 + \)charge
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