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Chapter 2: Q30E (page 121)
Write the molecular and empirical formulas of the following compounds:
a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
a) Molecular formula: C4H8
Empirical formula: CH2
b) Molecular formula: C4H6
Empirical formula: C2H3
c) Molecular formula: H2Si2Cl4
Empirical formula: HSiCl2
d) Molecular formula: H3PO4
Empirical formula: H3PO4
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In the following drawing, the green spheres represent atoms of a certain element. The purple spheres represent atoms of another element. If the spheres touch, they are part of a single unit of a compound. Does the following chemical change represented by these symbols violate any of the ideas of Dalton’s atomic Theory? If so, which one?
Click on the site (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16PhetAtomMass) and select the “Mix Isotopes” tab, hide the “Percent Composition” and “Average Atomic Mass” boxes, and then select the element boron.
(a) Write the symbols of the isotopes of boron that are shown as naturally occurring in significant amounts.
(b) Predict the relative amounts (percentages) of these boron isotopes found in nature. Explain the reasoning behind your choice.
(c) Add isotopes to the black box to make a mixture that matches your prediction in (b). You may drag isotopes fromtheir bins or click on “More” and then move the sliders to the appropriate amounts.
(d) Reveal the “Percent Composition” and “Average Atomic Mass” boxes. How well does your mixture match withyour prediction? If necessary, adjust the isotope amounts to match your prediction.
(e) Select “Nature’s” mix of isotopes and compare it to your prediction. How well does your prediction comparewith the naturally occurring mixture? Explain. If necessary, adjust your amounts to make them match “Nature’s”amounts as closely as possible.
The 18O: 16O abundance ratio in some meteorites is greater than that used to calculate the average atomic mass of oxygen on earth. Is the average mass of an oxygen atom in these meteorites greater than, less than, or equal to that of a terrestrial oxygen atom?
Determine the empirical formulas for the following compounds.
a. acetic acid, C2H4O2
b. citric acid, C6H8O7
c. hydrazine, N2H4
d. nicotine, C10H14N2
e. butane, C4H10
In the following drawing, the green spheres represent atoms of a certain element. The purple spheres represent atoms of another element. If the spheres of different elements touch, they are part of a single unit of a compound. The following chemical change represented by these spheres may violate one of the ideas of Dalton’s atomic theory. Which one?
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