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Chapter 2: Q.33E (page 67)
Write the empirical formula for the following compounds:
The empirical formula for the given compounds are as follows:
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Use the Build a Molecule simulation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16molbuilding) to repeat Exercise 2.34, but build a molecule with two carbons, six hydrogens, and one oxygen.(a) Draw the structural formula of this molecule and state its name.(b) Can you arrange these atoms to make a different molecule? If so, draw its structural formula and state its name.(c) How are the molecules drawn in (a) and (b) the same? How do they differ? What are they called (the type of relationship between these molecules, not their names)?
The 18O: 16O abundance ratio in some meteorites is greater than that used to calculate the average atomic mass of oxygen on earth. Is the average mass of an oxygen atom in these meteorites greater than, less than, or equal to that of a terrestrial oxygen atom?
Predict and test the behaviour of α particles fired at a Rutherford atom model.
(a) Predict the paths taken by α particles that are fired at atoms with a Rutherford atom model structure. Explain why you expect the α particles to take these paths.
(b) If α particles of higher energy than those in (a) are fired at Rutherford atoms, predict how their paths will differ from the lower-energy α particle paths. Explain your reasoning.
(c) Predict how the paths taken by the α particles will differ if they are fired at Rutherford atoms of elements other than gold. What factor do you expect to cause this difference in paths, and why?
(d) Now test your predictions from (a), (b), and (c).
Open the Rutherford Scattering simulation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16PhetScatter) and select the “Rutherford Atom” tab. Due to the scale of the simulation, it is best to start with a small nucleus, so select “20” for both protons and neutrons, “min” for energy, show traces, and then start firing α particles. Does this match your prediction from (a)? If not, explain why the actual path would be that shown in the simulation. Pause or reset, set energy to “max,” and start firing α particles. Does this match your prediction from (b)? If not, explain the effect of increased energy on the actual path as shown in the simulation. Pause or reset, select “40” for both protons and neutrons, “min” for energy, show traces, and fire away. Does this match your prediction from (c)? If not, explain why the actual path would be that shown in the simulation. Repeat this with larger numbers of protons and neutrons. What generalization can you make regarding the type of atom and effect on the path of α particles? Be clear and specific.
Samples of compound X, Y, and Z are analyzed, with results shown here.
Do these data provide example(s) of the law of definite proportions, the law of multiple proportions, neither, or both? What do these data tell you about compounds X, Y, and Z?
Write the symbol for each of the following ions: (a) the ion with a \(1 + \) charge, atomic number \(55,\) and mass number \(133\)(b) the ion with \(54\) electrons, \(53\) protons, and \(74\) neutrons (c) the ion with atomic number\(15,\) mass number \(31,\) and a \(3 - \) charge (d) the ion with \(24\) electrons, \(30\) neutrons, and a \(3 + \)charge
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